中国健康与精神健康社会工作制度百年发展的经验教训与启示  

Experience,Lessons and Enlightenment from the Centennial Development of SocialWork System for Health and Mental Health in China

作　　者：刘继同[1] 左芙蓉 胡清榆 LIU Jitong;ZUO Furong;HU Qingyu

机构地区：[1]北京大学卫生政策与管理系,北京100191 [2]北京联合大学应用文理学院历史文博系,北京100191 [3]北京大学人口研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《社会工作》2024年第2期1-22,151,152,共24页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：2019年国家哲学社会科学基金项目“中国特色现代儿童福利与家庭福利制度研究”(项目编号:19BSH159);财政部与国家卫健委联合委托课题“我国卫生财政投入政策演进历程及其评价研究”;2021年民政部委托课题“中国现代家庭养老服务政策支持研究”。

摘　　要：从1921年9月16日北平协和医学院所属协和医院“社会服务部”成立算起,以中国现代医院社会服务为载体的健康与精神健康社会工作制度走过100多年历程。回眸百年历史,中国健康与精神健康社会工作制度发展分别有10条经验和教训。10条经验:社会福利政治学是最重要社会制度理论视角;专业价值观是社会工作实务灵魂;现代社会福利制度是社会工作实务基础;社会工作专业负责人和机构专业领导力至关重要;健康与精神健康社会工作是专业化服务的“火车头”与主要领域;研究性实务与实务性研究是现代健康与精神健康社会工作实务的基本特征;全国专业委员会和学会型专业共同体是社会工作专业发展的最好组织途径;个人和个人社会服务是社会工作服务主要目标、对象和内容;健康与精神健康社会工作是个人社会服务基础、主体与主题;全球专业性互动、竞争、交流合作是国家健康与精神健康社会工作发展的重要动力。10条教训:社会福利性质是决定性的;国家社会福利责任承诺是关键性的;健康、社会福利财政是健康社会工作、健康照顾服务、社会福利制度的基础;现代健康照顾服务与社会福利制度整合一体是制度基础;社会工作实务目标是满足案主个人需要,而非实现社会工作自身需要、任务和目标;社会工作教育主干课程设置至关重要,社会工作专业能力本质是制度化思维和制度化能力;社会化、一体化和正式制度化建设模式最关键;社会工作专业能力和专业质量,重于社会工作数量规模,质量重于数量;个案、直接、微观社会工作实务重要,政策、间接、宏观社会工作实务更重要;社会工作专业理解,专业主体,专业自觉和理论自觉是社会工作能力核心。本研究结论是,21世纪既是中国现代社会主义福利国家制度建设新阶段,又是全球现代社会福利制度建设�Since the“Social Service Department”of Peking Union Medical College Hos‐pital was established on September 16,1921,the social work system of health and mental health has gone through more than 100 years with the social service of mod‐ern Chinese hospitals as the carrier.Looking back at the century-old history,there are 10 experiences and lessons in the development of China’s health and mental health social work system.10 experiences:Social welfare politics is the most impor‐tant social system perspective;Professional values are the soul of social work prac‐tice;Modern social welfare system is the basis of social work practice system;Social work professional leaders and institutional professional leadership are critical;Health and mental health social work is the“locomotive”and main field of profes‐sional services;Research practice and practical research are the basic characteristics of modern health and mental health social work practice.National Professional Com‐mittees and academic,professional communities are the best ways to organize social work professional development.Individual and individual social service is the main goal,object and content of social work service.Health and mental health social work is the basis,subject and theme of individual social service;Global professional inter‐action,competition,exchange and cooperation are important driving forces for the development of national health and mental health social work.10 lessons:The nature of social welfare is decisive;The state’s commitment to social welfare responsi‐bility is crucial;Health and social welfare finance is the foundation of health social work,health care service and social welfare system;The integration of modern health care service and social welfare system is the foundation of the system;The practical goal of social work is to meet the individual needs of clients,rather than to realize the needs,tasks and goals of social work itself;The main curriculum of social work education is very important,and the e

关 键 词：当代中国研究 健康与精神健康社会工作 现代社会福利制度 历史经验教训 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]