广西2011—2021年审定玉米品种特点分析及对今后育种的启示  

Analysis of the Characteristics of Maize Varieties Approved in Guangxi from 2011 to 2021 and its Inspiration for Future Breeding

作　　者：粟月萍 王兵伟 时成俏 李荣 马婷婷[3] 韦昌联 SU Yueping;WANG Bingwei;SHI Chengqiao;LI Rong;MA Tingting;WEI Changlian(Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Science and Technology Information Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530022,China;Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Guangxi Vocational and Technical College,Nanning,Guangxi 530226,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区科学技术情报研究所,广西南宁530022 [2]广西壮族自治区农业科学院玉米研究所,广西南宁530007 [3]广西职业技术学院,广西南宁530226

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第3期1-9,共9页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：广西科技发展战略研究专项课题(No.桂科ZL22064010);广西科技情报研究所公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.基研专项2021J-03)。

摘　　要：对2011—2021年通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定的529个玉米品种主要性状进行分析,总结了近年来广西玉米审定品种主要性状的变化特点,提出今后玉米育种的建议,为广西玉米育种创新及生产提供参考。搜集2011—2021年广西农作物品种审定委员会审定玉米品种的审定数据,对选育年份趋势、品种类型、选育机构及产量、品质、抗性等进行统计和分析。结果表明,2011—2021年广西累计审定玉米品种529个,涵盖普通玉米、鲜食玉米(甜、纯糯、甜糯)、青贮玉米等,其中普通玉米品种256个,占比为48.39%;甜玉米80个,占比15.12%;糯玉米181个,占比34.22%;青贮玉米11个,高油玉米1个,品种审定数量均有逐年增长趋势。企业独自选育或作为第一选育单位的审定品种有357个,占审定总数的67.49%。审定渠道拓宽,广西玉米审定基本形成以统一审定渠道为主,各种联合体审定渠道为辅的格局。在玉米品质方面,广西普通玉米以热带亚热带血缘为主,籽粒偏硬粒型,审定的玉米品种平均容重为780.8 g/L,大于国标一等级标准(720 g/L);平均粗淀粉含量为71.0%,平均粗蛋白含量为10.1%,平均粗脂肪含量为4.56%。糯玉米食用品质居国内前列,2011年糯玉米审定品种年度品尝品质评价总分平均为85.6,较对照高0.76。广西2011—2021年审定的玉米品种类型多样,品种审定数量逐年增长,企业创新主体地位逐渐凸显,普通玉米总体品质优于北方的半马齿或马齿类型玉米,但存在产量增幅较小、甜玉米品质仍有较大提升空间、一些主要病害育种成效不显著等问题。To analyze the main characteristics of 529 maize varieties approved by the Guangxi Crop Variety Approval Committee from 2011 to 2021,we summarize the achievements and shortcomings of maize breeding in Guangxi and propose suggestions for future maize breeding to provide a reference for promoting maize breeding innovation and production.The data of maize varieties approved by the Guangxi Crop Variety Approval Committee from 2011 to 2021 were obtained from the Seed Industry Data Center on the website of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and the characteristics of these varieties,such as the year trend of breeding,variety type,breeding institution type,yield,quality,and resistance,were analyzed.Through the above research and analysis,it is concluded that the achievements in maize variety breeding in Guangxi from 2011 to 2021 mainly include the following aspects:variety types are diverse,and 529 maize varieties have been approved,covering common maize,fresh food maize(sweet,pure waxy,sweet waxy),silage maize,etc.,including 256 common maize varieties,accounting for 48.39%,80 sweet maize varieties,accounting for 15.12%,and 181 waxy maize varieties,accounting for 34.22%.There are 11 silage maize varieties and one high-oil maize variety.The number of approved varieties of various maize types has been increasing annually.The dominant position of enterprises in innovation is highlighted.Three hundred and fifty-seven approved varieties were selected by enterprises alone or as the first selection unit,accounting for 67.49%of the total approved varieties.The expansion of approval channels has achieved remarkable results,and Guangxi Maize Approval has formed a pattern of unified approval channels as the main,supplemented by various consortium approval channels.In maize quality,Guangxi’s ordinary maize is mainly related to tropical and subtropical families,and its grains are hard.The average unit weight of the approved maize varieties was 780.8 g·L^(-1),higher than the nationa

关 键 词：玉米 品种 育种 审定 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]