不同猪群粪污中重金属含量及猪舍氨气浓度的监测  

Monitoring the content of heavy metal in pig manure and the con concentration of ammonia in pig house at different stages of growth

作　　者：李景轩 牛雪 林素芳 李心茹 郑梦珏 李响 王春华 LI Jingxuan;NIU Xue;LIN Sufang;LI Xinru;ZHENG Mengjue;LI Xiang;WANG Chunhua(College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Jinzhou Medical University,Jinzhou 121001,China;Gaizhou Agricultural Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Team,Gaizhou 115200,China)

机构地区：[1]锦州医科大学畜牧兽医学院,辽宁锦州121001 [2]盖州市农业综合行政执法队,辽宁盖州115200

出　　处：《养殖与饲料》2024年第5期31-34,共4页Animals Breeding and Feed

基　　金：辽宁省大学生创新创业训练计划项目“分析养殖场内猪粪便及尿的危害加处理方案”(X202310160069)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析不同生长期猪粪污中重金属含量与猪舍氨气浓度的变化,为畜禽粪污肥料化还田的安全性评价及猪群养殖环境的改善提供基础数据。[方法]以辽宁省锦州市义县4家规模养殖场的繁殖母猪、保育猪、育肥猪3种猪群为试验对象,每种猪群各采集6头猪的粪污样品混合为1份,共20份样品,粪污样品总计120份,经灰化、消化处理后,采用电感耦合等离子发生仪(ICP)对粪污中的重金属含量进行检测,并采用便携式氨气检测仪对不同猪舍的氨气浓度进行数值监测。[结果]育肥猪粪污中的锌、铜、砷含量最高值分别为567.6、104.3、38.9mg/kg,均超过了GB/T 25246—2010中规定的土壤(pH<6.5)种植蔬菜时肥料还田的重金属限值,而繁殖母猪和保育猪粪污中的重金属含量达标;3种猪群的环境氨气检测值均小于20 mg/m3。[结论]4个养殖场的育肥猪粪污直接还田种植蔬菜时存在重金属超标现象,因此育肥猪的粪污不能当作肥料或饲料再重新利用;氨气检测值均在正常范围内,不会对养殖技工和猪只造成危害。[Objectives]The changes in the content of heavy metal in pig manure and the concentration of ammonia in pig house at different stages of growth were analyzed to provide basic data for evaluating the safety of returning livestock and poultry manure to the field and improving the breeding environment of pig herds.[Methods]Three pig herds including breeding sows,conservation pigs,and fattening pigs were selected from four large-scale farms in Yi County,Jinzhou City,Liaoning Province.One mixed sample of 6 pig manure was collected from each herd.A total of 20 samples were collected,with a total of 120 pig manure.The content of heavy metal in pig manure was detected using an inductively coupled plasma generator(ICP)after ashing and digesting the samples.The concentration of ammonia in different pig houses was numerically monitored with a portable ammonia detector.[Results]The highest content of zinc,copper,and arsenic in pig manure from fattening pigs was 567.6 mg/kg,104.3 mg/kg,and 38.9 mg/kg,respectively,exceeded the limit of heavy metal specified in GB/T 25246-2010 for fertilizing vegetables in soil(pH<6.5).The content of heavy metal in pig manure from breeding sows and conservation pigs reached the standard.The values of ammonia detected in the pig house of three pig herds were all less than 20 mg/m³.[Conclusions]There was a phenomenon of heavy metal exceeding the standard when the manure from fattening pigs in four farms was directly returned to the field for vegetable cultivation.Therefore,the manure from fattening pigs cannot be reused as fertilizer or feed.The values of ammonia detected in four breeding farms are all within the normal range and will not cause harm to farming technicians and pigs.

关 键 词：猪粪污 重金属 氨气 畜禽粪污资源化利用 环境监测 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]