P92钢焊接组织分析与残余应力模拟  

Welding microstructure analysis and residual stress simulation of P92 steel

作　　者：龚凌诸 朱猛 蔡宝杰 徐火力 伏喜斌 Gong Lingzhu;Zhu Meng;Cai Baojie;Xu Huoli;Fu Xibin(Institute of Energy Equipment and Energy Storage Safety,Fujian University of Technology,Fuzhou 350118,China;Fujian Metrology Institute,Fuzhou 350003,China;Xiamen Special Equipment Inspection Institute,Xiamen 361004,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建理工大学,能源装备与储能安全研究所,福州350118 [2]福建省计量科学研究院,福州350003 [3]厦门市特种设备检验检测院,福建厦门361004

出　　处：《焊接》2024年第4期20-27,共8页Welding & Joining

基　　金：福建省科技计划项目(2020Y0055,2022Y3008)。

摘　　要：对P92钢平板进行了4层4道焊接试验,采用X射线衍射法测量焊接残余应力,通过光学金相显微镜对焊件显微组织进行表征,利用维氏硬度计对其硬度进行测量。同时基于SYSWELD软件在相同条件下对P92钢平板进行焊接模拟,得到焊接应力场与应变场的计算结果,并使用生死单元技术对比不同焊道焊接结束后残余应力的动态变化,探究多层焊接残余应力的产生与影响因素。金相试验结果显示,焊缝(FZ)处组织为淬火马氏体,最大硬度高达436 HV;母材(BM)组织为回火马氏体,平均硬度为236 HV;热影响区(HAZ)从过热区到正火区硬度逐渐降低。有限元计算结果表明,模拟所得残余应力分布与实测值吻合良好,证明了该焊接模型的准确性;横向拉应力和纵向压应力的最大值出现在焊缝处,纵向拉应力与横向压应力最大值均出现在热影响区与母材交界处,但随着焊道高度的变化,残余应力分布趋势基本不变;上层焊道热载荷对下层焊道的残余应力分布具有较大影响,固态相变效应不仅影响残余应力分布,还会使板件在焊接时产生较大的角变形。The welding experiments of P92 steel plate with four layers and four passes were carried out.The welding residual stress was measured by X-ray diffraction method,the microstructure of the weldments was characterized by optical metallography microscope,and the hardness of the weldments was measured by Vickers hardness tester.At the same time,the welding simulation of P92 steel plate was carried out based on SYSWELD software under the same conditions,and the calculation results of welding stress field and strain field were obtained.The dynamic changes of residual stress after welding of different welds were compared using the life-and-death element technology,and the generation and influencing factors of multi-layer welding residual stress were explored.The metallographic test results show that the microstructure of the weld is quenched martensite,and the maximum hardness is up to 436 HV.The base metal structure is tempered martensite with an average hardness of 236 HV.The hardness of the heat affected zone decreased gradually from the overheated zone to the normalized zone.The finite element calculation results show that the residual stress distribution obtained by simulation is in good agreement with the measured value,which proves the accuracy of the welding model.The maximum values of transverse tensile stress and longitudinal compressive stress appear at the weld,and the maximum values of longitudinal tensile stress and transverse compressive stress appear at the junction of the heat-affected zone and the base metal,but the distribution trend of residual stress is basically unchanged with the change of the weld height.The thermal load of the upper pass has a great influence on the residual stress distribution of the lower pass,and the solid phase transformation effect not only affects the residual stress distribution,but also causes the large angular deformation of the plate during welding.

关 键 词：P92钢 焊接残余应力 数值模拟 SYSWELD 固态相变 

分 类 号：TG407[金属学及工艺—焊接]