大数据侦查中的辩护困境及其应对  

The Defensive Dilemma in Big Data Investigation and Its Countermeasures

作　　者：付静宇 Fu Jingyu(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《湖北警官学院学报》2024年第2期115-128,共14页Journal of Hubei University of Police

摘　　要：大数据侦查的广泛应用令控辩关系呈现出对抗性有余、协作性不足的特殊性,必须依靠有效辩护理念改善控辩失衡的侦查格局,寻求控辩双方的实质性对抗。然而,大数据侦查中律师辩护面临诉讼权利保障不足和辩护流于形式的现实困境,使得律师有效辩护的空间不断被压缩。这背后的深层原因是大数据侦查与无罪推定原则、控辩平等原则以及因果性证明逻辑的矛盾。为调和这一冲突,提升辩护效果,有必要从辩护理念、权利保障以及技术反思等三方面着手,在“数字无罪”理念指导下完善并加强对辩护律师知情权、阅卷权和调查取证权等诉讼权利的保障,在技术反思的基础上明确大数据技术对侦查机关的辅助作用,并推进智能技术与刑事辩护的有机融合,实现控辩关系向平等对抗的理想状态转变。The extensive application of big data investigation has made the relationship between the prosecution and defense appear more confrontational and less collaborative,and it is necessary to rely on the concept of effective defense to improve the investigation pattern of the imbalance between the prosecution and defense,and seek substantive confrontation between the prosecution and defense.However,in the investigation of big data,lawyers'defense faces the practical dilemma of insufficient protection of procedural rights and the fact that the defense is a mere formality,which makes the space for lawyers'effective defense constantly compressed.The underlying reason behind this is the contradiction between big data investigation and the principle of presumption of innocence,the principle of equality between prosecution and defense,and the logic of causal proof.In order to reconcile this conflict and improve the effectiveness of defense,it is necessary to improve and strengthen the protection of defense lawyers'procedural rights such as the right to know,the right to read the case file,and the right to investigate and collect evidence under the guidance of the concept of"digital innocence",clarify the auxiliary role of big data technology to the investigation organs on the basis of technological reflection,and promote the organic integration of intelligent technology and criminal defense,so as to realize the transformation of the prosecution and defense relationship to the ideal state of equal confrontation.

关 键 词：大数据侦查 有效辩护 控辩平等 调查取证权 

分 类 号：D631[政治法律—政治学]