黄土高原半干旱区典型流域土地利用变化及驱动因素研究  

Study on Land Use Change and Driving Mechanism of Typical Basin in Semi-arid Area of Loess Plateau

作　　者：张亮 孛永明 李旭春 王丽洁 鱼海霞 张立靖 ZHANG Liang;BO Yongming;LI Xuchun;WANG Lijie;YU Haixia;ZHANG Lijing(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation in Dingxi,Dingxi Gansu 743000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省定西市水土保持科学研究所,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《甘肃林业科技》2024年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：定西市科技计划项目“关川河流域侵蚀沟道特征演变研究”(DX2021AZ01-6);定西市科技计划项目科技人才支持专项“陇中黄土小流域不同土地利用方式土壤碳累积研究”(DX2023BR22)。

摘　　要：利用2000、2010、2020三期遥感影像资料,基于地统计学原理,从土地利用动态度、土地利用强度、土地利用类型相互转化程度入手,解译关川河流域长时序多期土地利用/覆被变化情况。结果表明,耕地、草地为关川河流域主要的土地利用变化类型,各地类面积占比:耕地草地>灌木人造地表>林地>水体,耕地面积保持在69%左右,草地面积保持在25%以上,耕地、灌木地、水体面积在20年间分别减少3374.82hm^(2)、11318.17hm^(2)、103.62hm^(2),林地、草地、人造地表面积分别增加128.00hm^(2)、8765.59hm^(2)、5903.01hm^(2)。研究期后十年综合土地利用动态度明显高于前十年,增幅达79.9%,土地综合利用程度高。2000-2010年间,耕地和水体转出,林地、草地、灌木地、人造地表转入;2010-2020年间,耕地和灌木地转出,林地、草地、水体、人造地表转入。社会因素的驱动对关川河流域土地利用格局的演变效应显于自然因素。本研究旨在更好地处理人地关系,为治理流域水土流失、调整土地利用结构、发展当地经济及保护生态环境提供科学依据。Using remote sensing image data in 2000,2010 and 2020,the land use/cover changes in Guanchuan River Basin were analyzed based on the principles of geography,the dynamic degree of land use,land use intensity,and land use type mutual transformation degree..The results showed that Plough and Grassland were the main types of land use change in the Guanchuan River basin.The area ratio is Plough>Grassland>Shrub>Artificial surface>Woodland>Water area.The area of plough remained about 69%,and the area of grassland remained more than 25%.On the one hand,the area of plough,shrub and water area decreased by 3374.82 hm^(2),11318.17 hm^(2) and 103.62 hm^(2),respectively.On the other hand,the 2 area of woodland,grassland and artificial surface increased by 128 hm^(2),8765.59 hm^(2)and 5903.01 hm^(2) independently in the past 20 years.The dynamic attitude of comprehensive land use in the last ten years of the study period was significantly higher than that in the first ten years,with an increase of 79.9%,indicating a high degree of comprehensive land use.From 2000 to 2010,plough and water area were transfered out,and woodland,grassland,shrubland and artificial surface were transferred in.Besides,from 2010 to 2020,plough and shrubland were transferred out,and woodland,grassland,water area and artificial surfaces were transferred in.The effect of social factors on the changes of land use pattern in Guanchuan River Basin is much more obvious than natural factors.In conclusion,the purpose of this study is to effectively deal with the relationship between human activities and land development,and provide scientific basis for controlling water and soil loss,adjusting land use structure,developing local economy,and protecting ecological environment.

关 键 词：关川河流域 土地利用变化特征 主成分分析 驱动机制 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] F301.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]