性别视角下的波黑和平与安全——从《代顿协议》到波黑妇女、和平与安全国家行动计划  

Gender Perspectives on Peace and Security in Bosnia and Herzegovina:From the Dayton Peace Agreement to the National Action Plan on Women,Peace,and Security

作　　者：王天禹 李英桃 WANG Tian-yu;LI Ying-tao(School of International Relations and Diplomacy,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学国际关系学院,北京100089

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2024年第3期139-155,共17页Journal of Shandong Women＇s University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“人类命运共同体视角下的全球妇女发展研究”(项目编号:20BGJ005)。

摘　　要：1995年12月《代顿协议》正式签署,开启了波黑地区的和平进程。但这是一种性别盲视的和平进程:在和谈和签署协议的整个进程中都没有看到妇女的身影,协议中也没有关于性别平等的内容。性别问题被排除在外的做法,导致男女在战争中不成比例受伤害的情况在战后重建中无法得到充分考虑,不利于推动地区的可持续安全与稳定。2000年联合国安理会通过第1325(2000)号决议,标志着性别议题首次纳入联合国安理会的议事日程并强调女性有效参与武装冲突预防和维和的全过程对于和平的重要性。该决议与其后续决议共同组成了“妇女、和平与安全”议程。欧盟是波黑和平进程的重要参与者。2003年,《欧洲安全战略》正式发布后,欧盟接管波黑民主建设。作为波黑和平进程的重要参与者,欧盟开始在波黑地区强调“性别平等”这一欧盟核心价值观。波黑随之在性别平等问题上实施积极转向,波黑申请加入欧盟的资格要求进一步推助了这一过程。在此背景下,波黑于2010年成为第一个签署“妇女、和平与安全”议程国家行动计划的中东欧地区国家。在国家行动计划中纳入性别视角为波黑实现国家发展、地区安全和可持续和平进程都带来了积极变化。The Dayton Peace Agreement was officially signed in December 1995,marking the beginning of the peace process in Bosnia and Herzegovina.However,it was a gender-blind peace process:women were nowhere to be seen throughout the negotiation and signing process,and the agreement did not contain any content on gender equality.The exclusion of gender issues led to a failure to adequately address the disproportionate harm suffered by men and women during the war in post-conflict reconstruction,which hindered efforts to promote sustainable security and stability in the region.The adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1325(2000)in 2000 marked the first inclusion of gender issues on the Security Council’s agenda and emphasized the importance of women’s meaningful participation throughout the entire process of armed conflict prevention and peacekeeping for peace.This resolution,along with subsequent resolutions,forms the Women,Peace,and Security agenda.The European Union(EU)played a significant role in the peace process in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Following the formal publication of the European Security Strategy(ESS)in 2003,the EU took over the democratization process in Bosnia and Herzegovina.As a key participant in the peace process,the EU began to emphasize“gender equality”as a core EU value in the Bosnian region.Subsequently,Bosnia and Herzegovina underwent a positive shift in gender equality issues,further aided by its eligibility requirements for EU membership.Against this backdrop,Bosnia and Herzegovina became the first country in the Central and Eastern European region to sign the National Action Plan on Women,Peace,and Security in 2010.The Integration of a gender perspective in the national action plan has brought about positive changes for Bosnia and Herzegovina in achieving national development,regional security,and sustainable peace processes.

关 键 词：波黑和平进程 《代顿协议》 性别平等 “妇女、和平与安全”议程 可持续和平 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理] D813.4[社会学]