终身监禁制度的实践风险、理念偏差与本土反思——从美国经验的考察展开  

Practical Risks and Conceptual Deviations of the Life Imprisonment Systemand Its Chinese Reflection——Exploring the Experience of the United States

作　　者：马乐 Ma Le(School of Law,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian,Liaoning 116026)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2024年第3期80-91,共12页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2022年辽宁省社科基金重点项目“通过网络支付平台非法获取他人财产行为的罪名适用研究”(项目编号:L22AFX002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：国内流行的死刑替代论和生刑过轻论都有推动终身监禁刑走向扩张的潜能,其理论出发点和论据均有待商榷。国内学界对终身监禁制度域外经验的了解相对匮乏且滞后,尤其缺少对美国教训的充分认识,因此未能作出深刻的理论自省。在死刑废除运动高涨、改造刑理念式微、刑罚民粹主义流行等多重因素的影响下,美国终身监禁刑从兴起走向泛滥并呈现出诸多令人担忧的特征。美国的终身监禁制度是个失败的样本,其教训警示人们终身监禁制度蕴含巨大的实践风险。我国立法者和司法者必须对终身监禁刑采取审慎态度,不宜盲目扩张终身监禁刑的适用范围,否则有滑向重刑主义和刑罚民粹主义的风险。The prevailing theories of substitution of death penalty and leniency of life imprisonment in China have the potential to promote the expansion of life imprisonment,but their theoretical starting points and arguments need to be debated.The domestic academic community has a relatively limited andlagging understanding of the extraterritorial experience of the life imprisonment system,especially a lack of sufficient understanding of the lessons learned in the United States,thus failing to make profound theoretical reflections.Under the influence of multiple factors such as the rise of the deathpenalty abolition movement,the decline of the reformist penalty concept,and the popularity of populism in punishment,life imprisonment in the United States has gone from its rise to its proliferation and presented many worrying characteristics.The life imprisonment system in the United States isa sample of failure,and its lessons warn people that the life imprisonment system contains enormous practical risks.The legislature needs to be cautious about the extension of LWOP clause,in case the rise of draconianism and penal populism reappears.Legislators and judicial officials in ourcountry must adopt a cautious attitude towards life imprisonment and should not blindly expand the scope of application of life imprisonment,otherwise there is a risk of slipping towards draconianism and populism in punishment.

关 键 词：终身监禁 无期徒刑 死刑替代 生刑过轻 

分 类 号：D924.392[政治法律—刑法学]