施氮量和种植密度对甘薯封垄期干物质积累和分配及收获期产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution at Ridge Sealing Stage and Yield at Harvest Stage of Sweetpotato

作　　者：陈玥 梁清干 王蒙召 陈艳丽[1] 朱国鹏[1] CHEN Yue;LIANG Qinggan;WANG Mengzhao;CHEN Yanli;ZHU Guopeng(Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University,Sanya,Hainan 572025,China;Institute of Nanfan&Seed Industry,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510310,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南海口572025 [2]广东省科学院南繁种业研究所,广东广州510310

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第4期761-771,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划项目(No.ZDFY2020226);国家甘薯产业技术体系项目(No.CARS-10-sweetpotato)。

摘　　要：为探讨氮肥用量和种植密度对甘薯封垄期干物质积累和分配及收获期产量的影响,提升海南地区甘薯栽培技术,于2019—2020年进行田间试验,以鲜食型甘薯品种高系14为试验材料,设置3个种植密度,即47600株/hm^(2)(D_(1))、71400株/hm^(2)(D_(2))、142900株/hm^(2)(D_(3));4个施氮量,即0 kg/hm^(2)(N_(0))、60 kg/hm^(2)(N_(1))、120 kg/hm^(2)(N_(2))、180 kg/hm^(2)(N_(3)),采用双因素裂区设计,以种植密度为主区,施氮量为副区,研究不同种植密度和施氮量组合对高系14封垄期的光合特性、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、茎叶生长、源库干物质积累与分配特性、封垄期结薯特性、收获期产量及其构成因素和商品性的影响。结果表明:在同一种植密度下,甘薯封垄期的叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、茎叶鲜重、分枝数、最长蔓长、单株结薯数及商品薯单薯重随施氮量的增加先增加后降低,在N_(1)处理时最大;甘薯产量随施氮量的增加先增加后降低,在N_(2)处理时最大,较N0提高了32.0%,但N_(2)与N_(1)处理间无显著差异;在同一施氮量下,甘薯块根干物质分配比随种植密度的增加先增加后降低,D_(2)处理达到最大但D_(2)与D_(3)处理间无显著差异;根冠比和产量随种植密度的增加显著增加,在D_(3)处理时最大,其中D_(3)产量较D_(1)、D_(2)分别提高了30.9%和24.1%。相关性分析结果表明,在对块根干物质积累和分配的影响效应中,施氮量和种植密度均有显著影响,而对甘薯收获期产量的影响效应中,种植密度与收获期产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.704。综合本试验结果,当施氮量为60 kg/hm^(2)、种植密度为142900株/hm^(2)处理(D_(3)N_(1))时,高系14的产量最高,达到30.1 t/hm^(2),其对应薯块商品率为94.3%,均为所有处理中最佳。In order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate and planting density on the source-sink relationship and yield of sweet potato during ridge-sealing period,and to improve the cultivation techniques of sweet potato in Hainan,a field experiment was carried out from 2019 to 2020.The fresh-eating sweet potato variety Gaoxi14 was used as the test material,and three planting densities were set up,namely 47600 plants/hm^(2)(D_(1)),71,400 plants/hm^(2)(D_(2))and 142900 plants/hm^(2)(D_(3)).Four nitrogen application rates 0 kg/hm^(2)(N0),60 kg/hm^(2)(N_(1)),120 kg/hm^(2)(N_(2)),180 kg/hm^(2)(N_(3))were designed in a double-factor split plot design with planting density as the main plot and nitrogen application rate as the subplot to study the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on pho-tosynthetic characteristics,the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD),stem and leaf growth,dry matter accumulation and distribution in source and sink,tuber characteristics in ridge-sealing period,yield and its components and commodity in harvest period of Gaoxi14.Under the same planting density,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),fresh weight of stem and leaf,number of branches,longest vine length,number of tubers per plant and single tuber weight of commercial sweet potato increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and reached the maximum at N_(1) treatment.The yield of sweet potato increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and reached the maximum under N_(2) treatment,which was 32.0%higher than that under N0 treatment,but there was no significant difference between N_(2) and N_(1) treatments.Under the same nitrogen application rate,the dry matter distribution ratio of sweet potato roots increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density.The D_(2) treatment reached the maximum but there was no significant difference between D_(2) and D_(3) treatments.The root shoot ratio and yield increa

关 键 词：甘薯 施氮量 种植密度 干物质积累 分配 产量 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]