烟草叶斑病菌Cumuliphoma indica的生物学特性及室内药剂筛选  

Biological Characteristics of Tobacco Leaf Spot Pathogen and Laboratory Screening of Fungicides

作　　者：安宣鲜 桑维钧 张得平 李昊熙 杨江敏 雷雪梅 王五权 杨茂发 AN Xuanxian;SANG Weijun;ZHANG Deping;LI Haoxi;YANG Jiangmin;LEI Xuemei;WANG Wuquan;YANG Maofa(College of Tobacco Science,Guizhou University/Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;Science and Technology Department,Guangxi Branch,China National Tobacco Corporation,Nanning,Guangxi 530022,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学烟草学院/贵州省烟草品质重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司科技处,广西南宁530022

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第4期847-854,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司项目(No.202145000024006)。

摘　　要：烟草是重要的经济作物,其叶具有较高的经济价值。近年来,随着烟草种植面积增加,叶部病害种类呈上升趋势。前期从广西壮族自治区贺州市烟区烟叶病样中分离得到2株烟草叶斑病致病菌,经多基因系统发育分析,确定为Cumuliphoma indica,是国内关于该病原菌引起烟草叶斑病的首次报道。为明确该病原菌的生物学特性并筛选防治药剂,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法,研究分离菌株菌丝的致死温度,以及其在不同培养基、温度、pH、碳源、氮源、光照周期条件下的生长情况,并测定病原菌对9种化学药剂的敏感性。生物学特性研究结果表明:C.indica菌丝生长的温度范围广,最适温度为28℃;弱酸性环境更利于菌丝生长,最适pH为5;在玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA)和察氏培养基(CDA)上生长最快;最适氮源为蛋白胨;最适碳源为可溶性淀粉;菌丝致死温度为49℃,水浴10 min;光照对菌丝生长有显著影响,24 h全光照对其最有利。室内防治药剂筛选结果表明:9种供试杀菌剂对C.indica菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中50%啶酰菌胺WG抑菌效果最好,EC_(50)为0.025 mg/L;其次分别是50%咯菌腈FS(0.084 mg/L)、500 g/L异菌脲SC(0.217 mg/L)、450 g/L咪鲜胺EW(1.354 mg/L)、80%代森锰锌WP(6.565 mg/L)、10%苯醚甲环唑ME(9.576 mg/L)、25%吡唑醚菌酯(34.237 mg/L)和40%腈菌唑SC(38.804 mg/L);430 g/L戊唑醇SC的抑制作用最弱,EC50为42.574 mg/L。本研究揭示了C.indica的生物学特性,推荐50%啶酰菌胺WG作为防治候选杀菌剂,本结果可为由C.indica引起烟草叶斑病的有效防治提供参考和依据。Tobacco is an important economic crop,and its leaves have great economic value.In recent years,with the increase of tobacco planting areas,the varieties of leaf diseases are on the rise.Two strains of tobacco leaf spot disease pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the tobacco leaf disease samples in Hezhou,Guangxi.Through polygenic phylogenetic analysis,they were identified as Cumuliphoma indica,which is the first report on the tobacco leaf spot disease caused by C.indica in China.To clarify the biological characteristics of the pathogen and screen the control agents,this study used the mycelial growth rate method to study the lethal temperature of the mycelia of the strain,and its growth in different media,temperatures,pH,carbon sources,nitrogen sources,light cycles and to determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to nine chemical agents.The biological characteristics showed that the temperature range of C.indica mycelium growth was wide,and the optimum temperature was 28℃.Weak acid environment was more favorable for mycelium growth,and the optimal pH was 5.It grew fastest on CMA and CDA.The optimum nitrogen source was peptone.The optimum carbon sources was soluble starch.The lethal temperature of mycelium was 49℃,and the water bath was 10 min.Light had a significant effect on the growth of the mycelia,and 24 h full light was the most favorable.The results of laboratory screening showed that the nine tested fungicides had different inhibition on the growth of C.indica mycelia,among which boscalid 50%WG had the best inhibitory effect,EC_(50)was 0.025 mg/L.The second was fludioxonil 50%FS(0.084 mg/L),iprodione 500 g/L SC(0.217 mg/L),prochloraz 450 g/L EW(1.354 mg/L),mancozeb 80%WP(6.565 mg/L),difenoxazole 10%ME(9.576 mg/L),pyraclostrobin 25%SC(34.237 mg/L)and myclobutanil 40%SC(38.804 mg/L).The inhibitory effect of tebuconazole 430 g/L SC was the weakest,EC_(50)was 42.574 mg/L.The study revealed the biological characteristics of C.indica for the first time,and recommended 50%acetanilide WG as a candidate fung

关 键 词：烟草 叶斑病 Cumuliphoma indica 生物学特性 药剂筛选 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]