西南水稻主产区用水现状与绿色高效灌排技术  

Water Utilization Status and Suggestions for the Development of Green and Efficient Irrigation and Drainage Technology in the Main Rice-Producing Areas of Southwest China

作　　者：崔宁博[1] 尹飞虎[2] 龚道枝[3] 贺秀斌[4] 陈飞 赵璐[1] 郑顺生 张艺璇 吴宗俊 Cui Ningbo;Yin Feihu;Gong Daozhi;He Xiubin;Chen Fei;Zhao Lu;Zheng Shunsheng;Zhang Yixuan;Wu Zongjun(College of Water Resource&Hydropower,Sichuan University/State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Chengdu 610065,China;Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil-Fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Water Use and Disaster Loss Reduction of Crops,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水利水电学院/山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室,成都610065 [2]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,新疆石河子832000 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/作物高效用水与抗灾减损国家工程实验室,北京100081 [4]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2024年第2期132-141,共10页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“四川季节性干旱区农业绿色高效用水机制与抗旱减灾战略研究”(2023-DFZD-31);国家自然科学基金项目(52309056);四川省科技计划项目(2023YFQ0034)。

摘　　要：西南水稻主产区面临季节性干旱、工程性缺水等生产问题,绿色高效灌排技术是该区域实现节水稳产增效的关键举措,对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了包括云南省、贵州省、四川省、重庆市在内的西南地区水稻生产用水现状和灌排技术现状,阐述了西南水稻主产区绿色高效灌排体系的基本特征、绿色高效灌排的具体技术类型,提出了由稻田精准需水预报、灌区精量配水管理、田间高效用水管理、田间高效排水管理构成的绿色高效灌排技术模式。研究发现,西南水稻主产区水资源丰富但时空分布不均,节水灌溉和排水技术落后且对各地区气候条件、水资源量、地形的适用性有较大差异。建议研发稻田灌排高效协同调控新技术、推广绿色高效灌排技术体系、优化稻田水肥运筹模式、开发稻田智能灌排与信息化管理系统、构建水稻绿色高效灌排技术多维推广体系,据此推动西南水稻主产区节水提质增效与绿色减污降排多赢。The main rice-producing areas in Southwest China are facing production problems such as seasonal drought and engineering water shortage.A green and efficient irrigation and drainage technology system is key to achieving water conservation,stable yield,and high efficiency in the region,and it is of great significance to the food security of China.This study reviews the current status of water use,irrigation,and drainage in the main rice-producing areas in Southwest China,involving Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,and Chongqing.It examines the basic characteristics and specific technical types of green and efficient irrigation and drainage systems in the areas,and proposes a green and efficient irrigation and drainage technology model that is composed of accurate water demand forecast of paddy fields,precision water distribution management in irrigation areas,efficient water use management in paddy fields,and efficient drainage management in paddy fields.The study found that the main rice-producing areas in Southwest China are rich in water resources but uneven in spatial and temporal distribution of water.The water-saving irrigation and drainage technologies in this region are backward and vary in the applicability of climate conditions,water resources,and topography.Therefore,we propose the following suggestions:(1)developing new technologies for the efficient and coordinated regulation of irrigation and drainage in paddy fields,(2)promoting the green and efficient irrigation and drainage technology system,(3)optimizing the water and fertilizer operation mode,(4)developing an intelligent irrigation system for paddy fields,(5)establishing a paddy field information management system,and(6)building a multi-dimensional technology promotion system,thus to achieve water conservation,pollution control,emission reduction,yield increase,and quality improvement in the main rice-producing areas of Southwest China.

关 键 词：水稻 灌排技术 西南地区 绿色高效 节水 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]