近代中国外销茶的品种与国际市场  

Varieties and International Market of Export Tea in Modern China

作　　者：陶德臣 Tao Dechen(Army Engineering University,PLA.Nanjing,Jiangsu 210007)

机构地区：[1]陆军工程大学政治工作系,江苏南京210007

出　　处：《古今农业》2024年第1期81-99,119,共20页Ancient and Modern Agriculture

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“‘一带一路’视野下的西南茶马古道文献资料整理与遗产保护研究”(20&ZD229);陆军工程大学2022年度政治理论研究资金一般项目“新时代茶文化发展的理论与实践研究”(20222001)。

摘　　要：近代中国外销茶主要分为红茶、绿茶、砖茶。各种茶的输出数量呈现动态性,并有不同的国际市场。红茶是最主要的外销茶。鸦片战争后,红茶产销迅速发展,19世纪60年代至1895年,年输出数量均超过100万担,占茶叶出口总量60%以上。嗣后,出口数量基本呈下跌趋势。绿茶贸易虽有起伏,但变化不大,一般年出口数量为20-30万担,19世纪70年代前后及20世纪20-30年代是绿茶出口兴盛、繁荣时期,出口数量、在茶叶出口总量中的占比达到新高。1917年前,砖茶出口数量持续增加,最多时年出口量超过60万担,在茶叶出口总量中的占比最高时达42%。红茶出口主市场为英国、美国、俄国,销量大体占红茶总销量的75%。绿茶出口主市场为美国、英国。19世纪末至1917年,俄国绿茶市场得到发展,20世纪30年代是绿茶销往非洲的繁荣时期。砖茶主要销往俄国,销俄数量大体占砖茶外销总量的90%以上。Modern Chinese export tea is mainly divided into black tea,green tea and brick tea.The output quantity of various teas shows dynamics and has different international markets.Black tea is the main export tea.After the Opium War,the production and marketing of black tea developed rapidly.From 1860s to 1895,the annual output of black tea exceeded 100 million tons,accounting for more than 60%of the total export of tea.Since then,the volume of exports has generally declined.Although the green tea trade fluctuates,but the change is not big,the annual export quantity is 200,000-300,000 dan.The 1870s and the 1920s to 1930s were periods of prosperity and prosperity for the export of green tea.Export volume and the proportion accounting for total tea exports reached a new high.Before 1917,the export volume of brick tea continued to increase,with the highest annual export volume exceeding 600000 dan,accounting for 42%of the total tea export volume.The main markets for black tea are the United Kingdom,the United States,and Russia,with sales accounting for approximately 75%of the total sales of black tea.The main market of green tea is America and Britain.From the late 19th century to 1917,the Russian green tea market developed,and the 1930s was a prosperous period for green tea sales to Africa.Brick tea is mainly sold to Russia,accounting for over 90%of the total export volume of brick tea.

关 键 词：近代中国 外销茶 品种 国际市场 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] F752.9[历史地理—历史学] K25[历史地理—中国史]