富血小板血浆来源的血小板细胞外囊泡分离技术与应用  

Isolation technique and application of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles from platelet-rich plasma

作　　者：李娇 李晓丰 李剑平 Li Jiao;Li Xiaofeng;Li Jianping(Liaoning Institute of Transfusion Medicine,Liaoning Blood Center,Shenyang 110044,Liaoning Province,China;School of Pharmacy,China Medical University,Shenyang 110122,Liaoning Province,China;Harbin Blood Center,Harbin 150056,Heilongjiang Province,China;Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Suzhou 215000,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省血液中心辽宁省输血医学研究所,辽宁省沈阳市110044 [2]中国医科大学药学院,辽宁省沈阳市110122 [3]哈尔滨市血液中心,黑龙江省哈尔滨市150056 [4]中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所,江苏省苏州市215000

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2025年第1期156-163,共8页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：中国输血协会威高科研基金资助项目(CSBT-MWG-2021-01),项目负责人:李剑平;辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(2020-MS-354),项目负责人:李晓丰;沈阳市卫生健康委科研课题(2022096),项目负责人:李娇。

摘　　要：背景:血小板细胞外囊泡是循环中最丰富的囊泡,富含丰富的生物活性分子、遗传物质及蛋白质等信息分子,参与细胞通讯和物质交换,不仅具有良好的促凝活性,还具有促进组织修复和再生的巨大潜力,在再生医学具有广泛的应用前景。目的:从血小板细胞外囊泡的分泌机制、在再生医学领域的应用及临床转化的限制因素进行阐述,为血小板细胞外囊泡的临床转化提供一些理论支撑。方法:应用计算机检索2005年1月至2023年8月PubMed数据库与血小板细胞外囊泡有关的文章,英文检索词为“platelet-derived,plateletrich plasma,extracellular vesicles,isolated,microvesicles exosomes,applications”,最后纳入符合主题标准的文献62篇进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)活化的血小板细胞外囊泡可产生血小板微囊泡和血小板外泌体两种类型的囊泡,前者的分泌可能与肌动蛋白细胞骨架的不对称性相关,后者的分泌可能与H^(+)-ATP酶的调节相关。(2)血小板细胞外囊泡是血小板浓缩物和血小板本身的潜在效应物,可能通过促进血管生成、影响细胞行为、促凝与止血以及发挥炎症作用等几方面影响组织再生。(3)血小板细胞外囊泡在组织损伤、肌肉再生、软骨再生、骨关节炎等再生医学领域已有临床前报道,作为伤口愈合的潜在治疗方法已有临床试验数据,但血小板细胞外囊泡的分离方法、样本来源以及激活剂的种类等因素限制了血小板细胞外囊泡在再生医学领域的临床转化。(4)未来血小板细胞外囊泡可能成为再生医学中替代富血小板血浆的无细胞疗法,其临床转化还需要积极寻找鉴别血小板细胞外囊泡和血小板外泌体的特异性标志物,在激活剂刺激血小板细胞外囊泡产生的机制以及血小板细胞外囊泡的最佳收集方式、最佳储存方法、保质期限、临床应用的推荐剂量和最佳临床适应证还需要继续深入�BACKGROUND:Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are the most abundant vesicles in the circulation,rich in bioactive molecules,genetic material,proteins and other information molecules,involved in cellular communication and material exchange,not only has good procoagulant activity,but also has the promotion of tissue repair and regeneration,and has a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine.OBJECTIVE:To elaborate the secretion mechanism of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles,their application in regenerative medicine,and limiting factors for clinical transformation,and to provide some theoretical support for the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles.METHODS:A computerized search of the PubMed database from January 2005 to August 2023 was applied to articles relating to platelet-derived extracellular vesicles with the search terms“platelet-derived,platelet-rich plasma,extracellular vesicles,isolated,microvesicles exosomes,applications”.A total of 62 articles that met the subject criteria were finally included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Activated platelet-derived extracellular vesicles produce two types of vesicles,platelet-derived microparticles,whose secretion may be associated with the asymmetry of the actin cytoskeleton,and platelet-derived exosomes,which may be associated with the regulation of H~+-ATPase.(2)Platelet derived extracellular vesicles are potential effectors of platelet concentrates and platelets themselves,and may intervene in tissue regeneration by promoting angiogenesis,influencing cellular behavior,promoting coagulation and hemostasis,and exerting inflammatory effects.(3)Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles have been reported preclinically in the field of regenerative medicine such as tissue injury,muscle regeneration,cartilage regeneration,and osteoarthritis,and clinical trial data are available as potential therapeutic approaches for wound healing.However,factors such as isolation methods,sample sources,and the types of activators limit the cl

关 键 词：血小板来源 富血小板血浆 血小板裂解液 细胞外囊泡 微泡 外泌体 分离 治疗 组织损伤 应用 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R363[医药卫生—临床医学] R364