电催化氢解脱氯反应研究进展及应用可行性分析  

Review on the progress and evaluation on the application feasibility of electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination technology in detoxificiation of chlorinated organic pollutants

作　　者：胡林 蒋光明 孙瑞[3] 张贤明 敖亮[1,2] HU Lin;JIANG Guangming;SUN Rui;ZHANG Xianming;AO Liang(Chongqing Academy of Environmental Science,Chongqing,401120,China;Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing,400067,China;CHN Energy Ningxia Coal Industry Co.,LTD.Ningxia,750011,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市生态环境科学研究院(中国环境科学研究院西南分院),重庆401120 [2]重庆工商大学废油资源化技术与装备教育部工程研究中心,重庆400067 [3]国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司石槽村煤矿,宁夏750011

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第4期1264-1273,共10页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(CQHKY-2022-SYS-ZX-00004);重庆工商大学研究生科研创新项目(yjscxx2022-112-21)资助.

摘　　要：氯代有机物是一类重要的化工原料和中间体,广泛应用于医药、农药、染料等领域,而大量的使用致使其环境暴露量增加,造成污染.因碳-氯键(C—Cl)的存在,氯代有机污染物(chlorinated organic pollutants,COPs)分子结构稳定,难自然降解,易生物累积且具三致效应,环境风险极高.电催化氢解脱氯(electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination,EHDC)是目前处理水体COPs的热点技术,其通过在催化剂表面原位电解水形成活性氢(H^(*))攻击C—Cl键,使氯原子脱落转化为Cl^(-),C—Cl键转化为C—H键,从而大大减小COPs分子毒性和稳定性,增加废水可生化性.相比以Fe^(0)或H_(2)驱动的氢解脱氯技术,EHDC技术主要优势在于:(1)反应条件温和,过程可控;(2)无需额外添加化学试剂;(3)反应选择性高,毒副产物少.金属钯(Pd)具有独特的电子轨道,吸附及活化C—Cl键能力强,同时在产H^(*)方面具有显著优势,因此被广泛用于EHDC.本文重点综述了EHDC领域研究者在催化剂筛选、电子转移路径、表界面反应机制及Pd基催化剂性能调控策略等方面的研究进展,总结了电催化技术推广应用现存的壁垒,提出了该技术可能的发展前景.The massive use of the chlorinated organic compounds in the pharmaceutical,pesticide and dye industries has led to their overexposure in environment.Due to the bearing carbon-chlorine(C-Cl)bonds,chlorinated organic pollutants(COPs)are generally chemically stable and highly resistant to natural degradation.They are also highly toxic,carcinogenic and bio-accumulative,thus delivering significant environmental risks.Electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination(EHDC)represents a promising technology for COPs treatment.It proceeds by the in-situ generation of atomic hydrogen(H^(*))on the catalyst surface via water dissociation.These H^(*)are highly active for the hydrodechlorination of C—Cl bonds,which enable the conversion of the C—Cl bond and Cl atom to the C—H bond and Cl^(-),respectively.Overall,the EHDC process can significantly reduce the molecular toxicity and chemical stability of COPs,and improve the biodegradability of the wastewater.Compared to the hydrodechlorination technology driven by Fe^(0)or H_(2),EHDC technology is superior in the aspects of(1)mild reaction conditions and controllable process,(2)low chemical input and(3)high reaction selectivity and few yield of toxic by-products.Palladium metal(Pd)has been preferably developed as EHDC catalyst,owing to its robust performance in H*generation,adsorption and activation of C—Cl bonds.This work reviews the research progress achieved in the EHDC field,including the rules to design active catalysts,the insight into the electron transfer path and the interfacial reaction mechanism as well as the strategies to tune the performance of Pd-based catalysts.We also summarize the remaining challenges to the scale application of EHDC technology in practical environmental pollution abatement,and put forward the possible development prospects for this technology.

关 键 词：氯代有机污染物 Pd基催化剂 催化剂调控 应用可行性分析 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]