《中华人民共和国学位法》制定中的若干重要法律问题  

Key Legal Issues in the Academic Degrees Law of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：湛中乐 ZHAN Zhonge(Law School,Xinjiang University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830046,China;Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学法学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第3期41-50,共10页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国教育法学总论体系构建研究”(20BFX050)。

摘　　要：2024年4月26日,全国人大常委会审议通过的《中华人民共和国学位法》(以下简称《学位法》)是我国教育法律体系中的一个重要里程碑,其影响深远。《学位法》制定过程中涉及若干重要的法律问题:一是《学位法》在我国教育法律体系中的地位;二是国家学位制度与大学学位制度的关系;三是《学位法》立法的目的、立法依据和适用范围;四是学位授予单位资格的取得和丧失的条件与程序;五是学位评定委员会与学术委员会的关系;六是校学位评定委员会、院系评定委员会分会与答辩委员会的关系;七是学位撤销的条件与程序;八是有关学位纠纷的法律解决;九是对国外大学学位的认证,等等。对以上法律问题的分析与思考,对理解和适用《学位法》至关重要。同时,作为教育法律体系的一部分,《学位法》并没有穷尽所有细节,主要是确定了原则和框架,为学位工作的具体操作提供坚实的法律基础。总之,一部公正、透明、有利于学术发展的《学位法》对促进学术交流、提升教育质量、维护学位制度的权威性具有重要作用。The passage of the Academic Degrees Law of the People’s Republic of China on April 26th,2024 marks a significant milestone in China’s educational legal framework,carrying far⁃reaching implications.During the formulation process,several critical legal issues arose that warrant careful examination:the law’s position within China’s educational legal structure;the relationship between the national degree system and university⁃level degree systems;the legislative intent,basis,and scope of application of the law;the criteria and procedures for institutions to obtain and lose degree⁃granting qualifications;the relationship between degree evaluation committees and academic committees;the relationship among the school and department degree evaluation committees,and the thesis defense committees;the grounds and processes for degree revocation;legal mechanisms for resolving degree disputes;and certification and recognition of degrees from foreign universities.Analyzing these issues is vital for properly interpreting and applying the new Academic Degrees Law.While an integral part of the educational legal framework,the Academic Degrees Law does not encompass all the implementation rules.Instead,it establishes the overarching principles and structure,furnishing a robust legal foundation for delineated actions for degree attainment.In essence,a fair,transparent,and academically conducive degree law plays a crucial role in facilitating scholarly exchanges,enhancing the quality of education,and upholding the integrity of China’s degree system.

关 键 词：《中华人民共和国学位法》 《中华人民共和国学位法(草案)》 《中华人民共和国学位条例》 学位制度 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]