自然概念与马克思哲学变革的关系论析  

An Analysis of the Relationship between the Concept of Nature and the Transformation of Marx’s Philosophy

作　　者：王伟[1] 潘军辉 Wang Wei;Pan Junhui(Institute of Philosophy,Hebei Academy of Social Science,Shijiazhuang,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省社会科学院哲学研究所,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2024年第3期5-16,共12页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：2023年度河北省社会科学发展研究课题《马克思“自然界限”思想研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:20230204051

摘　　要：从黑格尔、费尔巴哈到马克思,他们之间的思想联系首先是通过自然概念发生的。费尔巴哈以自然为切入点,批判了黑格尔哲学的唯心主义性质,恢复了唯物主义权威,为马克思思想的形成奠定了唯物主义根基。在对黑格尔“双重错误”的批判中,马克思吸取了黑格尔哲学的“合理内核”,为自己思想的形成确立了方法论基础,而黑格尔的“双重错误”都是与自然有关的。在认识论上,马克思既不满意包括费尔巴哈在内的“从前的一切唯物主义”只是从客体的角度理解自然,也不赞同以黑格尔为代表的唯心主义只是从主体的角度理解自然,而是主张以主体与客体兼具的视角、从实践的方面理解自然。马克思紧紧抓住自然和精神两个因素,以主客体兼具的双重视角作为理解自然的角度,建构起新唯物主义自然概念,并以此为端口,完成了自己的哲学变革。可以说,在哲学变革的最初,自然概念是理解马克思哲学变革的窗口,起到了重要作用。From Hegel,Feuerbach to Marx,the intellectual connection between them occurs first through the concept of nature.Taking nature as an entry point,Feuerbach criticized the idealistic nature of Hegel’s philosophy,restored the authority of materialism,and laid the foundation of materialism for the formation of Marx’s thought.By criticizing Hegel’s“double error”,Marx established the basic coordinates of criticism of Hegel,absorbed the Hegelian dialectic,and provided the methodological basis for the formation of his own thought,while Hegel’s“double error”was related to nature.In epistemology,Marx was dissatisfied with“all the former materialism”including Feuerbach,which claimed understanding nature only from the perspective of the object,and disagreed with the idealism represented by Hegel,which claimed understanding nature only from the perspective of the subject,but advocated understanding nature from the perspective of both subject and object and from the aspect of practice.Grasping the two factors of nature and spirit,and taking the perspectives of the subject and the object as the dual angle of understanding nature,Marx constructed a new materialist concept of nature and used it as a port of philosophical change.It can be said that the concept of nature has an important role at the beginning of philosophical revolution,and is a window to understand Marx’s philosophical change.

关 键 词：自然概念 马克思 哲学变革 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]