论梁启超对卢梭联邦思想的容斥  

On the Accommodation and Rejection of Rousseau’s Federal Ideas by Liang Qichao

作　　者：李健 Li Jian(School of Government,Peking University,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2024年第3期69-80,共12页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：北京大学“双一流”重点课题《“政治通鉴”基础研究工程》阶段性成果,项目编号:7101602314;北京大学公共治理研究所学术团队建设重点支持项目《中外政治思想与制度研究》阶段性成果,项目编号:TDXM202101

摘　　要：中央与地方关系是近代中国政制设计的重要方面。作为新旧古今之交的政治理论家,梁启超为近代中国的国家结构贡献了初期设计方案,推动了中国政治思想的近代转型。在梁启超近代国家思想形成过程中,卢梭的政治思想对其产生了重要影响。由于卢梭的联邦思想符合梁启超地方自治的问题意识,故而梁启超曾容纳卢梭的联邦思想,推崇其为近代中国基本的政治制度。但是随着对联邦制认识的深化,梁启超逐渐拒斥卢梭的联邦思想,由地方自治转向中央集权。其后,出于时势需要,梁启超再度回归联邦主义,提倡联省自治。廓清梁启超的联邦观及卢梭的影响,有助于探讨近代中国政治制度设计的早期方案,并追溯中国政治思想近代转型的思想渊源。The relationship between the central government and the local government is an important aspect of the design of modern China’s political system.As a political theorist at the intersection of the old and the new,Liang Qichao contributed to the initial design of the state structure in modern China and promoted the modern transformation of Chinese political thought.And in the formation of Liang Qichao’s modern state thought,Rousseau played an important role of influence and constituted a source of inspiration for Liang’s state structure design.Since Rousseau’s federal idea was in line with Liang Qichao’s concern for local autonomy,Liang Qichao had accommodated Rousseau’s federal idea and promoted it as the basic political system of modern China.However,as Liang Qichao’s understanding of federalism deepened,he gradually rejected Rousseau’s federal idea and shifted from supporting local autonomy to supporting centralized power.Later,out of the necessity of the times,Liang Qichao returned to federalism again and advocated joint provincial autonomy.To sum up,clarifying Liang Qichao’s view of federalism and Rousseau’s influence can help us understand the early scheme of modern Chinese political system design and trace the ideological origins of the modern transformation of Chinese political thought.

关 键 词：联邦思想 梁启超 卢梭 容纳 拒斥 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学]