社会组织项目运作中的目标置换问题及其治理  

The Problem of Goals Displacement in Social Organization Program Operation and Its Governance

作　　者：聂玉梅 顾东辉[2] NIE Yumei;GU Donghui(School of Law,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,310018,China;School of Social Development and Public Policy,Fudan University,Shanghai,200433,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学法学院,浙江杭州310018 [2]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院,上海200433

出　　处：《社会工作与管理》2024年第3期80-89,共10页Social Work and Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“社会组织参与农村基层社会治理的路径建构研究”(21BSH115);浙江省哲学社会科学规划一般项目“社会服务组织培育的绩效评估研究——基于浙江实践的考察”(19NDJC228YB)。

摘　　要：基于目标置换效应,深入分析社会组织的项目运作过程后发现,社会组织疲于完成项目的量化指标,服务对象的需求被考核指标和项目委托方的需求所置换,在项目运作中普遍存在形式置换内容的行为,体现出重形式、轻内容,重文档、轻服务,服务活动化与娱乐化,服务随意化与碎片化,服务对象同质化与重复化等目标置换特征。项目设计欠缺需求调研,目标设置偏重量化指标,在执行中缺乏双向沟通机制,外部监管采用重文档、重财务的评价方式,致使社会组织为迎合评估而弱化服务成效,因缺乏资源与人才而难以进行专业化发展,出现各种目标置换问题。要破解社会组织项目运作中的目标置换问题,就需要在项目发包前进行科学的事前评估,减少合同中严格的量化指标,加强双向沟通机制建设,强化服务成效评估,以及加强社会组织专业化服务建设。Our analysis of the project operation process of social organizations suggests that social organizations are too tired to complete the quantitative indicators of the project,while ignoring the project effectiveness in terms of demand satisfaction and value enhancement.Clients’demands are often replaced by the assessment index and the management’s requirements.,In the process of project operation,it is commonly observed that contents of the project are replaced by forms.In such projects,there is a tendency to emphasize documentation over service,focus on service activities and entertainment,have selective and fragmented clients,and encourage repeated participation of the clients.Without sufficient need assessment and with overemphasis on quantitative indicators in goal settings,plus the absence of two-way communication mechanisms in implementation and the heavy reliance on documentation and financial evaluation in external supervisions,social organizations have catered to evaluation and weakened service effectiveness.Due to the lack of resources and skilled personnel,social organizations find it challenging to carry out professional development,which results in various goals displacement phenomena.In order to address the problem of goals displacement in project operation,it is necessary to conduct a scientific pre-evaluation before signing the contract,reduce the strict quantitative indicators in the contract,strengthen the construction of two-way communication mechanism,emphasize the evaluation of service effectiveness,and encourage the joint efforts of social organizations to build professional services.

关 键 词：目标置换 社会组织 项目制治理 项目运作 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]