露天矿高陡边坡岩体参数获取与稳定性评价方法研究  

Parameter Acquisition and Stability Evaluation Method of High Steep Slope Rock Mass in Open-pit Mine

作　　者：张志辉 康景宇 庞鑫 周春梅 夏禄清 杜文杰 付晓东 ZHANG Zhi-hui;KANG Jing-yu;PANG Xin;ZHOU Chun-mei;XIA Lu-qing;DU Wen-jie;FU Xiao-dong(School of Civil Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430074,China;State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China;Pangang Group Mining Co.,Ltd.,Panzhihua 617000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学土木工程与建筑学院,武汉430074 [2]中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,武汉430071 [3]攀钢集团矿业有限公司,攀枝花617000

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2024年第12期4916-4924,共9页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52179117);攀钢集团矿业有限公司科研项目(2021-P6-D2-05);云南省重大科技专项计划(202303AA080010)。

摘　　要：针对露天矿高陡边坡岩体参数难获取和稳定性易变化的问题,以攀枝花露天矿高陡边坡为研究对象,采用非接触式无人机摄影测量技术获取研究区域的三维模型,统计结构面的分布情况,结合室内岩石力学试验数据,采用《工程岩体分级标准》(GB/T 50218—2014)进行岩体质量分级,并给出边坡岩体强度力学参数建议值。在此基础上,通过有限单元法分析了矿区在开采条件下边坡的稳定性动态演化特征,并对开挖过程边坡的稳定性做出了评价。结果表明:随着矿区的开采,边坡在开挖面附近由于卸荷作用发生位移回弹,最大位移增量为33.2 mm;塑性区主要集中在断层和矿岩界面附近,以剪切屈服为主;边坡稳定性随着矿区的开采逐渐降低,直至达到临界稳定状态。采用锚索对边坡进行加固,并采用塑性区面积占比对加固前后的稳定性进行评价,评价系数α由加固前的0.4降低至加固后的0.05,证明了加固措施的有效性。研究成果可为露天矿高陡边坡岩体参数取值和稳定性评价提供参考。In response to the difficulty in obtaining rock mass parameters and the instability of steep slopes in open-pit mines,Taking the high and steep slope of Panzhihua open pit mine as the research object.Non-contact unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry technology was employed to obtain the three-dimensional model of the study area,and the distribution of structural planes was statistically analyzed.Combined with rock mechanics test data,adopting the Engineering Rock Mass Classification Standard(GB/T 50218—2014)for rock mass quality classification,and the recommended values of strength mechanical parameters of the slope rock mass were given.Based on this,the dynamic evolution characteristics of slope stability in the mining area were analyzed by the finite element method under mining conditions,and the stability of the slope during the excavation process was evaluated.The results show that with the exploitation of the mining area,the slope near the mining face rebounds due to unloading,with a maximum displacement increment of 33.2 mm.The plastic zone mainly concentrates near the fault and the interface between the ore and the rock,with shear yielding as the main form.The factor of safety of the slope decreases gradually with the exploitation of the mining area until reaching the critical stability state.Anchors were used to reinforce the slope,and the stability before and after reinforcement was evaluated by the proportion of the plastic zone area,which evaluation coefficientαdecreased from 0.4 before reinforcement to 0.05 after reinforcement,demonstrating the effectiveness of the reinforcement measures.The research results can provide reference for rock mass parameter estimation and stability evaluation of steep slopes in open-pit mines.

关 键 词：露天矿边坡 岩体参数 开挖稳定性 有限单元法 塑性区 

分 类 号：TD873[矿业工程—非金属矿开采]