某机械制造企业职业健康知识调查与职业健康检查结果分析  

Analysis of Occupational Health Knowledge Survey and Occupational Health Examination Results in a Machinery Manufacturing Enterprise

作　　者：麦志丹[1] 陈雪冬[1] 邱毅[1] 陈小红[1] MAI Zhi-dan;CHEN Xue-dong;QIU Yi;CHEN Xiao-hong(Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning 530021,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《医学信息》2024年第9期65-68,共4页Journal of Medical Information

基　　金：广西医疗卫生适宜技术开发与推广应用项目(编号:S2018048);广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(编号:Z-A20220354)。

摘　　要：目的了解某机械制造企业职业健康知识情况以及员工健康状况。方法于2019年1月-6月,采用随机抽样方法在某机械企业中随机抽取210名员工(包括生产工人和管理人员)进行职业健康知识问卷调查,并对2018年企业接触有毒有害作业人员健康体检结果进行分析。结果管理人员对健康知识“您认为下列哪个是成年人正常血压范围”“患高血压是否一定有症状”“下列哪些是艾滋病的传播途径?”知晓率高于生产工人(P<0.05);而生产工人对“您知道《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》吗?”知晓率高于管理人员(P<0.05);员工对各项职业卫生知识的需求以及对高血压糖尿病等慢病防治知识的需求较高(>85%)。接触有毒有害作业人员健康体检资料显示,不同工龄组脂肪肝、高血压、心电图异常、听力异常以及肝胆脾肾B超异常检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中工龄>20年的脂肪肝、高血压、心电图异常、听力异常以及肝胆脾肾B超异常检出率最高;不同工种组脂肪肝、心电图异常、听力异常、肝胆脾肾B超异常检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中司机和整机检验工、调试工脂肪肝检出率最高;装配钳工与其他工种心电图异常检出率较高;司机听力异常及肝胆脾肾B超异常检出率最高。结论应密切关注职工脂肪肝、心电图异常、听力异常等疾病,并进行及时干预,同时定期开展职业卫生知识和健康知识的宣传教育。另建议根据调查结果,为企业制定健康促进干预策略,以促进员工身心健康。Objective To understand the occupational health knowledge and health status of employees in a machinery manufacturing enterprise.Methods From January to June 2019,a random sampling method was used to randomly select 210 employees(including production workers and management personnel)from a mechanical enterprise for occupational health knowledge questionnaire survey,and the health examination results of employees exposed to toxic and harmful operations in 2018 were analyzed.Results In the health knowledge of managers,the awareness rate of"which of the following do you think is the normal blood pressure range of adults""whether there must be symptoms of hypertension""which of the following are the transmission routes of AIDS?"was higher than that of production workers(P<0.05);and in the health knowledge of production workers,the awareness rate of"do you know Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases?"The awareness rate was higher than that of managers(P<0.05).Employees had a high demand for occupational health knowledge and knowledge of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes(>85%).The health examination data of people exposed to toxic and harmful personnel showed that there were statistically significant differences in the rates of fatty liver,hypertension,abnormal electrocardiogram,abnormal hearing and abnormal B-ultrasound of liver,gallbladder,spleen and kidney among dfferent working age groups(P<0.05),while the detection rate of fatty liver,hypertension,abnormal electrocardiogram,abnormal hearing and abnormal B-ultrasound of liver,gallbladder,spleen and kidney was the highest among those with working age>20 years;there were statistically significant dfferences in the detection rate of fatty liver,abnormal electrocardiogram and abnormal hearing among dfferent types of work groups(P<0.05),among which the detection rate of fatty liver was the highest in drivers,whole machine inspection workers and debugging workers;the detection rate of abnormal ECG was hig

关 键 词：机械制造 职业健康知识 脂肪肝 高血压 

分 类 号：R194.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]