毛花猕猴桃雌雄花的形态特征比较与杂交授粉研究  

Morphological Characteristics Comparsion of Actinidia eriantha Female and Male Flowers and Their Cross Pollination

作　　者：张雨娜 王茸茸 张九东[1] 徐伟君[1] 苏丽艳[1] 李永武 邓文珍 支佳 ZHANG Yuna;WANG Rongrong;ZHANG Jiudong;XU Weijun;SU Liyan;LI Yongwu;DENG Wenzhen;ZHI Jia(School of Biological and Environmental Engineering,Xi’an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710065,China;Shaanxi Bairui Kiwi Fruit Research Institute Co.Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710400,China)

机构地区：[1]西安文理学院生物与环境工程学院,陕西西安710065 [2]陕西佰瑞猕猴桃研究院有限公司,陕西西安710400

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2024年第2期23-27,共5页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000800);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023YBNY004,2021NY108);西安文理学院三年行动计划项目(21XJZZ0001-12);西安市科学技术研发项目(2021JH-08-0019);"互联网+"大学生创新创业大赛(02211080017,DX2021032,DC202297)。

摘　　要：通过对毛花猕猴桃花形态及开花动态等繁育系统相关特征进行研究,同时与中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃进行杂交授粉,比较杂交果实单果重量、果形指数、糖度等特征。研究结果表明:毛花猕猴桃雄花花期略晚于雌花,单花花期6~8 d,种群花期10~12 d;雌花显著大于雄花,雌花开度(47.77±3.14) mm,雄花开度(33.25±1.82) mm;雄花雄蕊显著多于雌花,为雌花的1.67倍;雌花的胚珠数(1 573±118)枚,不存在无融合生殖现象。以毛花猕猴桃雌株为母本,与美味猕猴桃和中华猕猴桃杂交授粉后单果重量大于对照组,并且单果重量、果实的糖度、种子数等与对照组相比均具有显著差异。以毛花猕猴桃雄株为父本,与中华猕猴桃雌株杂交授粉结实率较高,与美味猕猴桃则不能结实。因此,用中华猕猴桃和美味猕猴桃的花粉对毛花猕猴桃进行授粉能显著提高的果实重量。By studying the morphological characteristics and flowering dynamics of Actinidia eriantha,along with other features related to the breeding system,cross pollination with Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia deliciosa was conducted.The resulting hybrid fruits were compared in terms of single fruit weight,fruit shape index,sugar content and other characteristics.The results showed that the male flowering period of Kiwifruit was slightly later than the female flowering period,with the population flowering period lasting 10~12 days,and the single flowering period spanning 6~8 days.The female flower ws significantly larger than the male flower,with the female flower opening measuring(47.77±3.14)mm and the male flower opening measuring(33.25±1.82)mm.The stamens of male flowers were significantly more numerous than those of female flowers,1.67 times the number of stamens in female flowers.The number of ovules in female flowers was(1573±118),and there was no apomixis.When the female plant of A.eriantha was used as the female parent,the single fruit weight after cross pollination was greater than that in the control group,with significant differences in weight of single fruit,sugar content and seed number compared with the control group.When the male plant of A.eriantha was used as the male parent,the cross pollination rate with the female plant of A.chinensis was higher,but it could not bear fruit with the female plant of A.chinensis.Therefore,using the pollen of A.chinensis and A.deliciosa to pollinate A.eriantha can significantly improve the fruit weight.

关 键 词：毛花猕猴桃 形态特征 杂交授粉 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]