家庭工作两相顾:乡村治理转型中村干部性别更替现象的经验阐释  

Balancing Family and Work:An Explanatory Study on the Phenomenon of Gender Succession among Village Cadres in the Transition of Rural Governance

作　　者：魏程琳 Wei Chenglin

机构地区：[1]同济大学政治与国际关系学院 [2]中国特色社会主义理论研究中心

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（妇女研究）》2023年第6期45-55,共11页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“建设共建共治共享的社会治理制度研究”(22ZDA101)。

摘　　要：在乡村治理迈向现代化的进程中,村干部年轻化、职业化趋势日益明显,皖南的村干部队伍出现了“男青年退出、女青年进入”的性别更替现象。乡村治理的现代化转型和农民家庭分工的策略性调适是村干部性别更替的深层次动因。乡村治理现代化推动村务内容服务化、村干部队伍职业化、村务运作规范化,以上变化使农村女青年的性别优势凸显。在“一家三制”式新家庭分工模式下,男青年外出务工保证家庭经济来源,父代在家务农并向子代提供劳务和经济支持,使在家的女青年能够从事村务工作,女青年的村务工资也成为其家庭收入的重要补充。与“顾此失彼”的男青年相比,“家庭工作两相顾”成为农村女青年长期、稳定参与乡村公务的重要优势。国家在未来有必要从职业能力建设和社会政策配套两方面加大对女村干部的支持,夯实乡村振兴的人才基础。As rural governance moves towards modernization,the trends of youthfulness and professionalization among village cadres are increasingly evident.In Southern Anhui Province,there is a phenomenon of gender succession where young men are exiting while young women are entering the ranks of village cadres.The modernization transformation of rural governance and the strategic adjustment of peasant household labor allocation are underlying factors driving the gender succession among village cadres.The modernization of rural governance promotes the service-oriented nature of village affairs,village cadres professionalization,and village operations standardization,thereby highlighting the gender advantage of rural young women.Under the"one family,three systems"model of household labor,young men work outside the village to ensure family income,while the older generation engages in agricultural work and provides time and financial support to their children.This arrangement enables young women to engage in village affairs,with their wages from such work becoming an important part of the household income.Compared to young men who often take care of one thing and lose the other,the ability to balance family and work becomes a significant advantage for rural young women to participate in rural public service in the long term.In the future,it is necessary to increase support for female village cadres from both aspects of vocational capacity building and social policy supporting,in order to strengthen the talent foundation for rural revitalization.

关 键 词：村干部 农村女青年 “一家三制” 乡村治理现代化 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学] D262.3[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]