锂离子电池多孔硅负极材料制备及工艺优化  

Preparation and process optimization of porous silicon anode materials for lithium⁃ion battery

作　　者：赵添婷 朱德伦 杨林 周鑫磊 ZHAO Tianting;ZHU Delun;YANG Lin;ZHOU Xinlei(Taizhou Vocational and Technical College,Taizhou 318000,China;Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]台州职业技术学院,浙江台州318000 [2]上海大学,上海200444

出　　处：《无机盐工业》2024年第5期31-38,共8页Inorganic Chemicals Industry

基　　金：台州市工业类科技计划项目(21gyb28);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202250304)。

摘　　要：为了有效改善硅基负极材料的性能及降低制备成本,以微米级单质硅为原料,通过金属辅助化学刻蚀法制备多孔硅负极材料,该方法步骤简单可控、成本低廉,易于大规模生产。采用场发射扫描电镜和电池测试系统,对比分析不同工艺参数下制得的硅负极材料的形貌和性能差异,从而进行工艺优化,并得出较优的工艺参数:Ag NO_(3)浓度约为0.015 mol/L、伽伐尼反应时间选择1~4 min、刻蚀剂中C_(HF)/(C_(H_(2)O_(2))+C_(HF))为70%~90%。在合适的工艺参数下制备的多孔硅负极材料电化学性能明显优于硅负极材料,在0.5C倍率下循环50次后容量仍有1 130.7 m A·h/g,在2C、5C的倍率下仍有929、669 m A·h/g的较高比容量。该方法得到的多孔硅负极材料能够有效缓解单质硅负极材料体积膨胀严重和导电性差的问题,从而有效提高其电化学性能。In order to improve the performance of silicon-based anode materials and reduce the preparation cost,porous sili-con anode materials were prepared by metal-assisted chemical etching method using micron-grade silicon as raw material.The method showed the advantages of simple and controllable steps,low cost and easy large-scale generation.By means of field emission scanning electron microscopy and battery testing system,the morphology and properties of silicon anode ma-terials prepared under different process parameters were compared and analyzed,so as to optimize the process.The results showed that the optimum technological parameters were as follows:AgNO_(3) concentration was about 0.015 mol/L,reaction time of Galvani was 1~4 min,the C_(HF)/(C_(H_(2)O_(2))+C_(HF))in etching agent was 70%~90%.The electrochemical performance of po-rous silicon anode material prepared under suitable process parameters was obviously superior to that of silicon anode mate-rial.After 50 cycles at 0.5C,the capacity of porous silicon anode material was still 1130.7 mA·h/g.Under 2C and 5C rate tests,there were still high specific capacities of 929 and 669 mA·h/g,respectively.The results showed that porous silicon anode materials could effectively alleviate the bulk expansion and poor conductivity of the monomeric silicon anode materi-als,thus effectively improving its electrochemical properties.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 负极材料 多孔硅 金属辅助化学刻蚀 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]