宁波市生活饮用水健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment of drinking water in Ningbo City

作　　者：赵薛飞[1] 王爱红[1] 史碧君 谷少华[1] 张丹丹[1] ZHAO Xuefei;WANG Aihong;SHI Bijun;GU Shaohua;ZHANG Dandan(Department of Environmental and Occupational Health,Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波市疾病预防控制中心环境与职业卫生所,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《预防医学》2024年第4期333-337,共5页CHINA PREVENTIVE MEDICINE JOURNAL

基　　金：宁波市医学重点学科项目(2022-B18);宁波市市级医疗品牌学科项目(PPXK2018-10)。

摘　　要：目的评估2021—2022年浙江省宁波市生活饮用水的健康风险,为保障宁波市饮水安全提供依据。方法2021—2022年宁波市生活饮用水水质监测资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,按GB 5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》规定限值对除放射性指标以外的常规指标和消毒剂指标进行评价,计算水质合格率。选取检出率>50%的指标,采用美国国家环境保护署经典“四步法”健康风险评估模型,定量评估经饮水途径的致癌风险和非致癌风险。结果2021—2022年宁波市共监测1678份水样,其中1558份集中式供水水样的消毒剂以次氯酸钠为主,1079份占64.30%;120份分散式供水均未进行消毒处理。合格1483份,合格率为88.38%,硝酸盐、氟化物、三氯甲烷和铝的检出率>50%。三氯甲烷的致癌风险值M(Q_(R))为2.964×10^(-6)(3.909×10^(-6)),硝酸盐、氟化物、三氯甲烷和铝的非致癌风险值M(Q_(R))分别为1.631×10^(-2)(1.361×10^(-2))、3.955×10^(-2)(3.164×10^(-2))、2.231×10^(-2)(2.942×10^(-2))和2.136×10^(-4)(6.573×10^(-4))。结论2021—2022年宁波市生活饮用水中17种污染物经饮水途径的致癌风险和非致癌风险均较低。Objective To evaluate the health risk of drinking water in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province from 2021 to 2022,so as to provide insights into ensuring the safety of drinking water.Methods The monitoring data of drinking water from 2021 to 2022 in Ningbo City were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.The routine indicators and disinfectant indicators(radioactivity indicators were excluded)of drinking water were evaluated according to the reference limits issued by Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006),and the qualification rates were calculated.The indicators with detection rate higher than 50%were selected,and assessed the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks via drinking water using the risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.Results A total of 1678 samples were monitored in Ningbo City from 2021 to 2022.Sodium hypochlorite was the main disinfectant among 1558 samples from centralized water supply(1079 sam-ples,64.30%),and none of the 120 samples from decentralized water supply underwent disinfection treatment.The quali-fication rate of 88.38%,and the pollutants with a detection rate higher than 50%were nitrate,fluoride,trichlorometh-ane and aluminum.The median carcinogenic risk value of trichloromethane was 2.964×10^(-6)(interquartile range,3.909×10^(-6)),and the median hazard quotient values of nitrate,fluoride,trichloromethane and aluminum were 1.631×10^(-2)(inter-quartile range,1.361×10^(-2)),3.955×10^(-2)(3.164×10^(-2)),2.231×10^(-2)(2.942×10^(-2))and 2.136×10-4(6.573×10-4),respectively.Conclusion The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks through drinking water for 17 pollutants in drinking water of Ningbo City from 2021 to 2022 were at low levels.

关 键 词：生活饮用水 健康风险评估 致癌风险 非致癌风险 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]