环境丰容技术在鱼类增养殖中的应用研究进展  

Research progress on application of environmental enrichment techniques in fish aquaculture and stock enhancement

作　　者：张宗航 张秀梅 刘文华 ZHANG Zonghang;ZHANG Xiumei;LIU Wenhua(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology,Shantou University,Shantou 515063,China;Fisheries College,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]汕头大学理学院,广东省海洋生物技术重点实验室,广东汕头515063 [2]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《水产学报》2024年第4期60-76,共17页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：汕头大学科研启动经费(NTF22019);国家自然科学基金(42230413,32072966);广东省自然资源厅广东省促进经济高质量发展专项(海洋经济发展)海洋六大产业项目(GDNRC[2022]48)。

摘　　要：近年来,在野生渔业资源持续衰退、水产养殖规模不断扩大、人们对鱼类福利关注度不断提升等的背景下,环境丰容作为一种全新的技术手段在水产领域受到广泛关注,被认为在野化放流鱼类行为、增加养殖鱼类产量、提升圈养鱼类福利等诸多方面均具有较大的应用潜力。环境丰容是指在增养殖生产中,采用适当方式向圈养或自然水体引入新的环境刺激,提高其异质性和复杂性,从而实现提升鱼类产量、提高鱼类福利、控制鱼类行为、改善鱼类生理目标的环境优化方式。总体来看,国际上围绕环境丰容技术的相关研究结果层出不穷,理论体系不断完善,但国内水产领域的相关研究尚处于起步阶段。本文在简要介绍环境丰容概念和分类基础上,聚焦目前最受关注的物理丰容方式,评述了物理丰容对鱼类打斗行为、生理应激、代谢生长等重要性状和放流后的适应性行为、个体适合度等增殖性状的影响,重点分析了引发研究结果差异的可能原因及其潜在神经可塑性机理,最后探讨了该领域以往研究的不足及今后的研究方向,旨在为我国开展该方面研究提供借鉴,为增养殖苗种高效健康培育与放流鱼类野化训练提供参考。In recent years,the wild fisheries resources have been decreasing,the aquaculture production has been flourishing,and meanwhile the fish welfare has gained increasing attention from the public and scientists.Under these backgrounds,environmental enrichment,as a new technology in the fields of aquaculture and fisheries,has gained wide attention and is considered to have great potential in improving life skills of released fish,increasing the production output of farmed fish,and improving the welfare of captive fish.Environmental enrichment refers to the methods of environmental optimization aimed at increasing production yield,improving fish welfare,controlling fish behaviors and improving physiological status by a deliberate increase in environmental heterogeneity and complexity of water environment.In general,the international studies on environmental enrichment technology has been flourishing,and the theoretical system is constantly improved.However,relevant research in China is still in the initial stage.This paper first briefly introduces the concept and classification of environmental enrichment,and then reviews the effects of physical enrichment(which has received the most attention at present)on fish aquaculture-related traits(such as aggressive behavior,stress response,metabolism,and growth)and adaptive behaviors and individual fitness after release.This review focuses on the possible causes and the potential neuroplasticity mechanism of the differences in results between studies and discusses the shortcomings of the previous studies and future directions of the field.This review aims to provide reference for research in this field and provide valuable information for sustainable aquaculture and stock enhancement programs.

关 键 词：鱼类 增养殖 物理丰容 鱼类行为 鱼类福利 神经可塑性 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]