黄海北部近岸海域渔业生物群落结构  

Community structure of fishery organisms in offshore waters of the North Yellow Sea

作　　者：崔培东 卞晓东[2,3] 张雨轩 单秀娟 金显仕[2,3] 赵永松 王惠宾[2] CUI Peidong;BIAN Xiaodong;ZHANG Yuxuan;SHAN Xiujuan;JIN Xianshi;ZHAO Yongsong;WANG Huibin(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;National Field Observation and Research Center for Fisheries Resources in Changdao Waters,Yantai 265800,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]山东长岛近海渔业资源国家野外科学观测研究站,山东烟台265800

出　　处：《水产学报》2024年第4期171-190,共20页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900903);农业农村部财政项目“黄渤海产卵场调查”(125C0505);国家自然科学基金(41506168);山东省泰山学者专项(tsqn202103135);黄渤海渔业资源与生态创新团队专项(2020TD01)。

摘　　要：为摸清黄海北部近岸海域渔业生物群落结构现状,并揭示其时空变化的主要环境驱动因子,于2021年4—11月在该海域开展了6航次底拖网及环境调查。运用丰度-生物量比较曲线、聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序等方法分析了海域渔业资源种类组成及优势度、群落多样性及年内演替;运用典范对应分析(CCA)探讨了群落结构时空变化与环境因子之间的关系。结果显示,调查采集到的种类共有89种,包括鱼类50种和无脊椎动物39种。鳀已成为海域主要中上层优势鱼种,大泷六线鱼、细纹狮子鱼和脊腹褐虾等冷温性种类成为季节性主要渔业生物,小黄鱼、蓝点马鲛和鲐等传统资源仍在衰退过程中。调查发现部分真鲷幼体及集群蓝圆鲹幼体,海域或有其育幼场存在。调查期间内群落大部分时间处于不稳定状态,其中4月群落显示中等干扰,5—11月群落均显示严重干扰。在所选环境因子中,海表温(SST)、海底温(SBT)、海底盐(SBS)和叶绿素(Chl.a)是导致群落结构时空变化的主要环境因子,其中SST和SBT的影响尤为显著。本研究系统阐明了黄海北部近岸海域渔业生物群落结构特征和季节性演替,为进一步了解该海域渔业生物群落结构现状及其对环境因子的响应提供了参考。The offshore waters of the North Yellow Sea is a traditional fishery area in northern China,with sufficient bait organisms and high marine primary productivity,which meet the habitat conditions required for the growth and development of various marine fishery resources and are important spawning grounds and habitats for fishery taxa.In order to understand the current community structure of fishery organisms and reveal the main environmental drivers of its spatial and temporal changes,six monthly voyages of the resource bottom trawl and its habitat surveys were conducted from April to November 2021.Abundance-biomass comparison curves(ABC),spatial interpolation analysis,diversity Analysis,CLUSTER analysis and non-metric multidimensional scale ranking(NMDS)were used to analyze the species composition,dominance,relative abundance,diversity,stability and intra-annual succession of fishery organisms community structure;the relationship between spatial and temporal variation of fishery organisms ommunity structure and environmental factors was analyzed by Canonical Correlation Analysis(CCA).The results showed that 89 species were collected,including 50 species of fish,19 species of crustaceans,6 species of shellfish,6 species of cephalopods,6 species of echinoderms and 2 species of coelenterates.The dominant species from April to November were Engraulis japonicus and Crangon affinis,while the important species were Actiniaria,Liparis tanakae,Loligo japonica,Todarodes pacificus,Metapenaeopsis dalei and Hexagrammos otakii.Compared with past surveys,the pelagic species Konosirus punctatus and Sardinella zunas had a significantly lower catch proportion in this survey.During the survey,many kinds of fishery biological parents and larvae appeared,showing that the sea area has the property of good spawning and nursery grounds.In addition,under the long term influence of protection measures such as fishing moratorium,juveniles of important economic species Pagrus major were found in this survey,and juveniles of Decapterus marua

关 键 词：优势种 生物多样性 群落结构 典范对应分析(CCA) 黄海北部 

分 类 号：Q178.14[生物学—水生生物学] S931[生物学—普通生物学]