氮肥对宽幅增密燕麦氮平衡指数、光合特性及产量的影响  

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen balance index,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wide-range densely planted oats

作　　者：韩雪[1] 王英[1] 赵鑫瑶 李晓婷 张艳丽[1] 杨金虎 周洋 李嘉琪 李立军[1] HAN Xue;WANG Ying;ZHAO Xinyao;LI Xiaoting;ZHANG Yanli;YANG Jinhu;ZHOU Yang;LI Jiaqi;LI Lijun(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China;College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]山西农业大学草业学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《北方农业学报》2024年第1期64-78,共15页Journal of Northern Agriculture

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2021ZD0002);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500904-3);内蒙古自治区2024年度“草原英才”工程专项资金。

摘　　要：【目的】明确内蒙古阴山南麓地区宽幅增密燕麦高产的最佳施氮模式。【方法】采用双因素试验设计:设5个施氮水平(N1:35 kg/hm^(2)、N2:70 kg/hm^(2)、N3:105 kg/hm^(2)、N4:140 kg/hm^(2)、N5:175 kg/hm^(2))和2个追氮时期(T1:分蘖期、T2:孕穗期),分析不同施氮水平和追氮时期对各生育期燕麦氮平衡指数(NBI)、光合特性及产量的影响。【结果】生育中后期,燕麦净光合速率和NBI值均随着施氮量的增加呈现出先升高后降低的趋势;灌浆期,以T2处理N4施氮水平光合能力最好,但与N3施氮水平相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。同等施氮量下,T2处理燕麦生育中后期的叶片净光合速率和NBI值较T1处理分别提高1.40%~11.97%和9.82%~23.26%,均以N3施氮水平增幅最大。与T1处理相比,T2处理燕麦产量构成因素协同提高,籽粒产量提高了3.99%~9.10%,其中N4施氮水平籽粒产量最高为3901.13 kg/hm^(2),但与N3相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。相关性分析表明,抽穗期和灌浆期,燕麦叶绿素指数(Chl)和NBI值与产量呈极显著正相关关系,且灌浆期相关系数更高。【结论】内蒙古阴山南麓地区宽幅增密种植模式下燕麦生产的适宜施氮量为105~140 kg/hm^(2),最佳追氮时期为孕穗期。【Objective】To identify the optimal nitrogen fertilization mode to maximize the yield of wide-range densely planted oats in the southern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia.【Methods】A two-factor experimental design was employed with five nitrogen levels(N1:35 kg/hm^(2),N2:70 kg/hm^(2),N3:105 kg/hm^(2),N4:140 kg/hm^(2),N5:175 kg/hm^(2))and two topdressing stages(T1:tillering stage,T2:booting stage).The impact of different nitrogen application levels and topdressing stages on nitrogen balance index(NBI),photosynthetic characteristics and yield of oats at each growing stages were analyzed.【Results】During the middle and late growth stages,both the net photosynthetic rate and NBI of oats increased first and then decreased with rising nitrogen levels.At grain-filling stage,N4 nitrogen level in the T2 treatment had best photosynthetic efficiency,but no significant difference(P>0.05)with N3 nitrogen level.At the same nitrogen level,compared with T1 treatment,T2 treatment enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and NBI of middle and late growth period stages oats by 1.40%-11.97% and 9.82%-23.26%,respectively,with N3 nitrogen level having the most significant increasing.In comparison with T1 treatment,oat yield components of T2 treatment had synergistic improvement,with grain yield increased by 3.99%-9.10%.The grain yield of N4 nitrogen level was highest at 3901.13 kg/hm^(2).However the difference with N3 nitrogen level was not significant(P>0.05).Correlation analysis revealed that chlorophyll index(Chl)and NBI of oat had extremely significant positive correlations with yield during the heading and grain-filling stage,with grain filling stage having a higher correlation coefficient.【Conclusion】The optimal nitrogen application rate for wide-range densely planted oats in the southern foothills of Yinshan Mountains in Inner Mongolia was 105-140 kg/hm^(2).Booting stage was the most effective timing for nitrogen application.

关 键 词：氮肥 燕麦 氮平衡指数 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]