家法与国法:清代闲散皇族的板责之例  

Family Law and National Law:An Example of Cane Punishment for Idle Imperial Clan in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王文箫 WANG Wenxiao(School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期32-40,共9页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：中国政法大学博士创新实践项目(2020BSCX08)。

摘　　要：在清朝前期的国家法律中,受“皇族不加刑责”的法律原则影响,没有对犯罪皇族成员实施板责的相关规定。在部分案件中皇族成员所受到的板责,多出于清帝特旨,带有明显的“家法”色彩。乾隆中叶以降,清廷鉴于闲散皇族犯罪滋事之风愈演愈烈,遂摒弃了“皇族不加刑责”的法律原则,开始逐步将对闲散皇族施行的板责之例制度化。经过乾嘉道三朝的多次修定,清廷最终完成了对闲散皇族施行的板责之例由“家法”到“国法”的转变,进而完善了皇族惩戒体系,节约了治理成本。相关条例的制定和完善,一方面对约束闲散皇族的犯罪行为起到了一定作用,闲散皇族所受到的刑罚实际上已经与民人趋同。另一方面也表明,彼时社会公共道德对闲散皇族身份特权所形成的压力已经愈来愈大。In the early Qing Dynasty’s national laws,influenced by the legal principle of“no additional punishment imposed on the imperial clan”,there were no relevant provisions for imposing strict penalties on members of the imperial clan who committed crimes.In some cases,the cane punishments received by members of the imperial clan were mostly based on the imperial decree of the Qing Dynasty,with a clear“family law”color.Since the middle of the Qianlong reign,the Qing court,in view of the increasing trend of crime and trouble among the idle imperial clan,abandoned the legal principle of“no additional punishment imposed on the imperial clan”and gradually institutionalized the practice of imposing strict penalties on the idle imperial clan.After multiple revisions during the Qianlong,Jialong and Daoist dynasties,the Qing court finally completed the transformation of the ban responsibility system for idle imperial clans from“family law”to“national law”,thereby improving the imperial punishment system and saving governance costs.The formulation and improvement of relevant regulations have played a certain role in restraining the criminal behavior of the idle imperial clan,and the punishment received by the idle imperial clan has actually converged with that of the people.On the other hand,it also indicates that at that time,the pressure of social public morality on the privileges of idle imperial identities has become increasingly greater.

关 键 词：清代 皇族 家法 板责 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]