“日常”的名词化和区别词的逆语法化  

The Nominalization of“Ri Chang”and the Antigrammaticalization of Distinguishing Words

作　　者：高艳 马元茜 GAO Yan;MA Yuanqian(International College of Chinese Studies,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;School of Economics and Management,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国际汉语文化学院,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学经济与管理学院,上海200062

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期78-84,共7页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(16BXW062)。

摘　　要：语料考察表明,“日常”一词除了作定语外,自1993年以来,还出现了作定中短语的中心语、作动词宾语的用法,在外部动因和内在条件的促发下实现了名词化。这是区别词演变的一个缩影,也是一种逆语法化现象。区别词通过中心语删略和定谓易位两个机制可分别逆语法化为名词、形容词和动词,具有词类演变的定向性、定中短语环境的特定性、复合词的优选性以及非个例性等特点。就汉语区别词而言,逆语法化不是普遍性的,也不是全程逆返,而是一部分词的短程回溯。逆语法化无法与语法化构成真正的镜像关系。The corpus investigation shows that,in addition to being an attribute,the word Ri Chang(日常)has also been used as the head of an attributive phrase and as the object of a verb since 1993 and has been nominalized under the promotion of external motives and internal conditions.This is a microcosm of the evolution of distinguishing words and it is also an antigrammaticalization phenomenon.Distinguishing words can be antigrammatically converted into nouns,adjectives and verbs respectively through the two mechanisms of head words deletion and attributive-predicate transposition,which have characteristics:the orientation of the evolution of parts of speech,the specificity of the environment of attributive phrase,the optimization of compound words and non-individual.As far as Chinese distinguishing words are concerned,antigrammaticalization is not universal,nor is it the whole process of retrogression,but the short-range retrogression of some words.Antigrammaticalization cannot form a true mirror relationship with grammaticalization.

关 键 词：“日常” 区别词 逆语法化 中心语删略 定谓易位 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]