余甘子果实不同发育阶段品质比较  

Comparison of nutritional quality during fruit development of Phyllanthus emblica

作　　者：宋志姣 梁凤鸣 章金龙 黄佳聪 李晓娇 SONG Zhijiao;LIANG Fengming;ZHANG Jinlong;HUANG Jiacong;LI Xiaojiao(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Baoshan University,Baoshan 678000,China;Yunlong County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Dali 672700,China;Forestry and Grassland Technology Extension Station of Baoshan City,Baoshan 678000,China)

机构地区：[1]保山学院资源环境学院,云南保山678000 [2]云龙县农业技术推广中心,云南大理672700 [3]云南省保山市林业和草原技术推广站,云南保山678000

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2024年第9期255-261,共7页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF13024);云南省科技厅地方高校联合专项(202101BA070001-067);保山市中青年学术带头人项目(保政复〔2019〕22号);云南省高校怒江河谷生物质资源高值转化与利用重点实验室建设项目。

摘　　要：为了解余甘子果实品质随果实发育的动态变化规律,以‘高黎贡山’和‘保山2号’两个余甘子品种为研究材料,于4个不同发育阶段(7月16日、9月1日、10月15日、11月30日)分别采集两个品种的果实测定其水分、可溶性固形物、可食率、总酸、总糖、维生素C、单宁酸、多酚和没食子酸含量等指标,分析其动态变化规律;基于各品质指标间的相关性进行分析,并利用主成分分析对各发育阶段果实品质指标进行综合评价,以确定适宜采收期。结果表明,同品种余甘子所测定的品质指标在不同发育阶段差异极显著(P<0.01)。各个指标在果实发育趋向成熟的过程中的变化趋势因指标而异,总酸、总糖、维生素C和多酚含量随着果实不断发育呈先升高后降低的趋势,可溶性固形物含量则先降低后升高。‘高黎贡山’和‘保山2号’余甘子的总糖和多酚相关系数最高,均在0.9以上。基于所有品质指标测定及分析结果,认为10月15日左右为两个品种余甘子果实的最佳采收期,此时采摘的‘高黎贡山’和‘保山2号’余甘子总酸、维生素C、总糖、单宁酸、多酚含量均最高,‘高黎贡山’的可溶性固形物和‘保山2号’的没食子酸含量亦最高。To decipher the dynamic changes in nutritional characteristics of Phyllanthus emblica fruits during fruit development,this study measured the nine nutritional components in fruit during four fruit development stages.For comparison purposes,two varieties of P.emblica cv.‘Gaoligong Mountain’and‘Baoshan No.2’were used as samples.Correlations and principal component analysis of the quality indicators of fruits were conducted to determine the optimal time of harvest.Results showed significant differences(P<0.01)between each of the quality indicators in different developmental stages.Moreover,there were different trends of changes in each quality indicator during different development stages.Total acid,total sugar,vitamin C,and polyphenol content tended to increase and then decrease as the fruit developed,while soluble solids content tended to decrease and then increased.A strong correlation(r>0.9)was observed between total sugars and polyphenols in both two varieties.Results obtained from the current report showed that the best time to harvest both two varieties was around October 15.At this time,the highest contents of total acid,vitamin C,total sugar,tannins,and polyphenols were observed in both two varieties,as well as the highest content of soluble solids was observed in‘Gaoligong Mountain’and the highest content of gallic acid was observed in‘Baoshan No.2’.

关 键 词：余甘子 果实发育阶段 果实品质 综合评价 果实采收期 

分 类 号：TS255.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]