智能弹药用新型电控固体推进剂的研究进展  

Research Progress of New Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants for Smart Ammunition

作　　者：夏旭 付小龙[1] 胡少青 赵昱[1] XIA Xu;FU Xiao-long;HU Shao-qing;ZHAO Yu(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第4期287-304,共18页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22205177)。

摘　　要：针对当前固体火箭发动机无法重复启停、难以实现推力可控等需求,结合固体火箭和液体火箭的优点,国内外研究机构探究了一种具有重复点火与熄火、燃烧速度可调、输出能量可控的电控固体推进剂。系统介绍了新型电控固体推进剂领域的国内外研究现状,首先,总结了国内外各类电控固体推进剂(硝酸铵基、硝酸羟胺基、高氯酸锂基)的发展,以及在微推、炮弹点火器和固体发动机方面的应用情况;其次,概述了配方组分、电压、电流、外界环境温度和压强等因素对电控固体推进剂的燃速、点火延迟时间以及力学性能的影响;然后,分析了电控固体推进剂的启停机理,介绍了硝酸铵羟胺和高氯酸锂基电控固体推进剂的反应机理;最后,对电控固体推进剂的未来发展进行了展望,指出未来仍需重点研究的方向:加强电控固体推进剂制备工艺放大研究;设计新型电敏氧化剂,解决高压下无法可控燃烧的问题;开展大尺寸电控固体发动机试验研究;通过数值模拟进一步揭示电能与推进剂燃烧耦合效应。附参考文献62篇。In view of the requirements of current solid rocket motor,such as unrepeatable start and stop,difficult to achieve controllable thrust,combined with the advantages of solid rockets and liquid rockets,research institutions at domestic and foreign have explored an electrically controlled solid propellant with repeated ignition and flameout,adjustable combustion speed and controllable output energy.The research status of new electronically controlled solid propellants at home and abroad is systematically introduced.Firstly,the development of various electronically controlled solid propellants(ammonium nitrate,hydroxylamine nitrate,lithium perchlorate) at home and abroad is summarized,as well as their applications in micro-thruster,artillery shell igniters and solid engines.Secondly,the effects of formula composition,voltage,current,external ambient temperature and pressure on the combustion rate,ignition delay time and mechanical properties of electronically controlled solid propellants are summarized.Then,the start-stop mechanism of electronically controlled solid propellant was analyzed,and the reaction mechanism of ammonium hydroxylamine nitrate and lithium perchlorate based electronically controlled solid propellant was introduced.Finally,the future development of electronically controlled solid propellants is prospected,and it is pointed out that there are still key research directions in the future:enhance the research on the preparation process amplification of electronically controlled solid propellants;design new electrosensitive oxidants to solve the problem of uncontrollable combustion under high pressure;carry out experimental research of large-scale electronically controlled solid engines;reveal the coupling effect of electric energy and propellant combustion by numerical simulation.62 References are attached.

关 键 词：应用化学 电控固体推进剂 ECSP 启停机理 智能弹药 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]