硝化棉质量差异分析及其对推进剂制品性能的影响  

Analysis of Quality Difference of Nitrocellulose and Its Influence on the Propellant Products Properties

作　　者：肖立群 屈蓓[1] 周文静[1] 刘小刚[1] 刘红妮[1] 李吉祯[1] XIAO Li-qun;QU Bei;ZHOU Wen-jing;LIU Xiao-gang;LIU Hong-ni;LI Ji-zhen(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi′an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第4期372-380,共9页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22205179)。

摘　　要：为了获得D级硝化棉质量差异对其理化性能和推进剂制品性能的影响规律,对4种不同厂家、不同批次硝化棉样品的“八大度”、分子质量、分子质量分布及硝化均匀性等进行了表征及分析,并制备了4种改性双基(CMDB)推进剂样品,比较了各样品力学性能及燃烧性能的差异。结果表明,4种D级硝化棉样品的“八大度”均符合国军标要求,含氮量范围为11.9%~12.1%,GPC测得数均分子质量范围为0.59×10^(5)~0.73×10^(5) g/mol;硝化棉含氮量小幅下降会使其安定性有所提高,但对其推进剂制品的燃烧性能影响较小;含氮量和分子质量接近时,高分子质量组分的存在会提高硝化棉稀溶液的黏度;硝化棉分子质量分布和含氮量分布均匀性降低会造成其推进剂制品-40℃拉伸强度的降低。To ascertain the effect of D-grade nitrocellulose′s(NC)quality variation on its physicochemical properties as well as its propellant products,the“eight major properties”,molecular mass,molecular mass distribution,and nitrification uniformity of four types of NC samples of different manufacturers and batches were characterized.The CMDB propellant containing four types of NC samples were also prepared,the mechanical and combustion properties were compared.The results show that the“eight major properties”of 4 types of NC samples meet the requirements of the national military standard.The average nitrogen content of 4 types of NC samples is in the range of 11.9%-12.1%,the molecular mass measured by GPC method is in the range of 0.59×10^(5)-0.73×10^(5) g/mol.A small decrease in the nitrogen content of NC results in an increase in its stability,but has little effect on the combustion performance of its propellant products.When the nitrogen content and molecular mass are close,the presence of high molecular mass components increases the viscosity of dilute solutions of NC samples.The decrease in the uniformity of NC molecular mass and nitrogen content causes the propellant tensile strength decrease at-40℃.

关 键 词：物理化学 硝化棉 NC CMDB推进剂 硝化均匀性 燃烧性能 安定性 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]