植物育种繁殖材料商业秘密保护研究  

Research on Trade Secret Protection of Plant Breeding and Propagation Materials

作　　者：冯程程 闫文军 Feng Chengcheng;Yan Wenjun(School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049

出　　处：《科技与法律（中英文）》2024年第3期131-138,共8页Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）

摘　　要：粮食是社稷之本,种业是国家粮食安全的关键。2022年11月2日,最高人民法院审理首起涉及植物育种繁殖材料(杂交种亲本)商业秘密保护的案件,认定武威市搏盛种业有限责任公司侵犯河北华穗种业有限公司商业秘密,案件的焦点为玉米杂交种亲本属于商业秘密保护的对象,不为公众知晓且具有秘密性。玉米作为国家粮食安全保障的主要贡献者,其育种的主流技术是杂种优势育种。育种繁殖材料(杂交种亲本)侵权案件中,判断杂交种亲本基因型是否实质等同是关键,因其从杂交种反推亲本的基因型存在很大的难度,成本高、程序复杂,所以实质性等同的判断是难题。文章以华穗种业案为例,分析育种繁殖材料的商业秘密保护问题,建议我国应明晰法律责任归口,综合运用专利、植物新品种保护权和商业秘密手段共同保护育种繁殖材料商业秘密,构建多元化的农作物育种成果综合法律保护体系,从源头遏制非法者利用法律“钻空子”侵犯玉米育种繁殖材料商业秘密牟取利益,净化种子市场,实现种业科技自立自强,保障粮食安全。Grain is the foundation of the country,and the seed industry is the key to national food security.On November 2,2022,the Supreme People's Court heard the first case involving the protection of trade secrets of plant breeding and breeding materials(hybrid parents)and found that Wuwei Baosheng Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.violated the trade secrets of Hebei Huasui Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.The focus of the case was that the corn hybrid parents were the object of trade secret protection,which was not known to the public and had secrets.As the main contributor to national food security,the main technology of maize breeding is heterosis breeding.In the infringement cases of breeding and breeding materials(hybrid parents),it is the key to judge whether the hybrid parents'genotypes are substantively equivalent.Because of the difficulty,high cost,and complicated procedure,the judgment of substantive equivalence is a difficult problem.This paper takes the case of the Huasui Seed Industry as an example to analyze the protection of trade secrets of breeding and reproduction materials and suggests that China should clarify the legal responsibility,jointly protect the trade secrets of breeding and reproduction materials by using patents,the right to protect new varieties of plants and trade secrets and build a diversified and comprehensive legal protection system for crop breeding results.From the source to curb illegal use of legal"loopholes"to violate the commercial secrets of corn breeding and breeding materials for profits,purify the seed market,realize the seed industry's science and technology self-reliance,and ensure food security.

关 键 词：育种繁殖材料 商业秘密 实质等同 秘密性 植物新品种保护 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]