集体制与家户生产——对农业集体化时期生产实践的再考察  

Collective System and Household Production:A Re-Examination of Production Practice in the Period of Agricultural Collectivization

作　　者：颜燕华 Yan Yanhua

机构地区：[1]清华大学社会学系

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（社会学）》2023年第12期37-50,共14页SOCIOLOGY

摘　　要：本文通过安溪一个产茶村落的个案,对农业集体化时期的生产实践及其产业后果进行了再考察。集体化时期虽然在形式上取消了家族组织,但家族组织的逻辑在实际的生产组织即生产队中得到了一定程度的延续,尤其是生产队长居于“公家”与“小家”之间的平衡角色延续了传统家族权威的行动伦理。在生产队长“家长式”的生产决策及以家户为基础的产销安排下,集体生产突破了产销技艺在核心家族内传承的方式,转而扩散到村庄内绝大多数家庭,最终有利于分田到户后的家庭产业和地方茶叶经济的发展。This paper re-examines the production practices and their industrial consequences during the period of agricultural collectivization through the case study of a tea-producing village in Anxi.It is found that the social transformation during the collectivization period,on the one hand,led to the widespread"de-skilling"of traditional tea merchant families,that is,through the state's agribusiness transformation and redistribution of skills,the collective system broke the monopoly of production skills inherited within the core family and the family specialization.On the other hand,it brought about the"re-skilling"for the majority of community members,that is,through the"paternalistic"production arrangements of the production team leader,tea production skills were disseminated to a wider range of households.The positive impact of the collectivization system on the local tea industry was the result of the interaction between the logic of state governance and local traditions.As a part of the formal state power structure,the production team leaders in the collectivization period were able to use the power endowed by the state to transform the traditional way of family work,so that the corresponding production arrangements were in line with the interests of the collective to the greatest extent,and it ultimately enabled the smooth development of tea garden production.However,although the family production organization was formally abolished during the collectivization period,the logic of the family organization had continued to a certain extent in the actual production organization.The production team,especially the production team leaders balancing role between the"public family"and the"small family"played the traditional role of family authority.The study points out that it is these important features of collectivization periodthe"paternalistic"style leadership of the production team leaders and the household-based production and marketing arrangements spreading production and marketing skills to the majority of househ

关 键 词：集体化 生产队长 家户经验 安溪茶产业 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]