法教义学视阈下环境监管失职罪的规范适用  

The Normative Application of the Crime of Environmental Supervisory Dereliction from the Perspective of Legal Dogmatics

作　　者：马志尚 Ma Zhishang(School of Law,Guangzhou College of Commerce,Guangzhou Guangdong 510320)

机构地区：[1]广州商学院,广东广州510320

出　　处：《安徽警官职业学院学报》2024年第1期45-50,共6页Journal of Anhui Vocational College of Police Officers

摘　　要：环境监管失职罪是同环境犯罪紧密关联的渎职类犯罪,本罪的法益不单是“人的生命健康权以及财产权”,还应当包括环境法益。本罪在构成要件要素的规范性表述方面存在一定的模糊地带,不利于本罪在实践中的合理适用,应当从实质解释论的立场解释本罪构成要件要素应有的涵义,在因果关系的判断中,应当基于客观归责理论,借助具体的法律规范和技术手段,合理认定因果关系。本罪主观方面表现为过失,因此,负有环境保护监管职责的人员对环境损害结果存在间接故意的,不应当以此罪论。从实践看,被监管人(第三人)对环境损害结果的发生更多表现为故意。本罪在适用过程中,还应注意竞合问题,在刑法没有作特别规定的前提下应当实行数罪并罚。The crime of environmental supervisory dereliction is closely related to environmental crimes and is a type of dereliction of duty offense.The protected legal interests of this crime are not only the“human rights to life and health and property”but should also include environmental legal interests.There is a certain ambiguity in the normative expression of the constitutive elements of this crime,which is not conducive to its reasonable application in practice.In order to solve the complexity issues related to the determination of causation in this crime,it should be based on the theory of supervisory negli⁃gence.However,supervisory negligence refers to the negligence of a direct actor who violates the duty of care to prevent another person from committing negligence.Therefore,introducing this theory into the crime is actually a misunderstanding and misinterpretation of the theory.To solve the existing problems,the constitutive elements of this crime should be interpreted from the standpoint of substantive interpreta⁃tion theory,and in the judgment of causation,it should be based on the theory of objective attribution,with the help of specific legal norms and technical means,to reasonably determine the causation.The sub⁃jective aspect of this crime is manifested as negligence,thus if personnel entrusted with environmental pro⁃tection supervisory duties have indirect intent regarding the environmental damage,they should not be charged under this crime.The supervised person(third party)may have either a negligent or intentional mindset regarding the occurrence of environmental damage;in practice,the mindset of the supervised per⁃son(third party)is more likely to be intentional.In the application of this crime,it is also necessary to pay attention to the issue of concurrence with other offenses.In the absence of special provisions in crimi⁃nal law,concurrent sentences should be applied.

关 键 词：环境监管失职罪 实质解释论 因果关系 客观归责 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]