性别角色观念对生育意愿的影响研究——基于CGSS数据的实证分析  

A Study on the Influence of Gender Role Attitudes on Fertility Intention——Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS Data

作　　者：李正东 姜金明 尹海燕 Li Zhengdong;Jiang Jinming;Yin Haiyan(Shool of Humanities,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China)

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术大学人文学院,上海201418

出　　处：《晋阳学刊》2024年第3期34-48,共15页Academic Journal of Jinyang

基　　金：2022年国家社科基金一般项目“社会工作者工作压力的风险评估与干预机制研究”(项目编号:22BSH164)。

摘　　要：生育意愿是人们预期生育行为的体现。文章基于中国当前“不愿生”的特征事实,通过CGSS2013至2021年的混合截面数据,利用OLS回归和有序Logit模型探讨了性别角色观念对生育意愿(包括生男孩意愿和生女孩意愿)的影响。研究发现:首先,性别角色观念对生育意愿以及生男孩意愿具有显著的正向影响。其次,相较于男性、农村、30岁及以下、高教育水平群体而言,性别角色观念对女性、城镇、31岁及以上、低教育水平群体生育意愿的促进作用更强。最后,父母以及配偶的受教育水平在性别角色观念和生育意愿的关系之间发挥负向调节作用。据此,为了防止性别角色观念作用于个体生育意愿的多米诺效应,提振生育率和优化人口结构,文章认为,提高生育意愿、推动人口均衡发展,一方面,需要消弭角色观念固化的影响,从而提高生育行为的自主效应;另一方面,可以从家庭层面入手,加强亲代和伴侣的干预效果,利用良好的家庭文化环境引导个体性别角色观念对生育意愿的影响。Based on the characteristic facts of China's current"unwillingness to give birth",this paper uses OLS regression and ordered Logit model to explore the influence of gender role attitudes on fertility intention(in-cluding the willingness to have a boy and the willingness to have a girl)through mixed cross-sectional data from CGSS2013 to 2021 editions.The study found that,firstly,gender role has a significant positive impact on the willingness to have children and the willingness to have boys.Secondly,compared with men,rural areas,30 years old and below,and groups with high education level,the concept of gender role has a stronger effect on the willingness of women,urban areas,31 years old and above,and groups with low education level to have children.Finally,the education level of parents and spouses plays a negative moderating role in the relationship between gender role perception and fertility intention.Accordingly,in order to prevent the domino effect of gender role concept on individual fertility willingness,boost fertility rate and optimize population structure,the paper believes that to improve fertility willingness and promote balanced population development,on the one hand,it is necessary to eliminate the influence of role concept solidification,so as to improve the autonomous effect of reproductive behavior;on the other hand,we can start from the family level to strengthen the inter-vention effect of parents and partners,and use the good family cultural environment to guide the influence of individual gender role on fertility intention.

关 键 词：性别角色观念 生育意愿 父母受教育水平 配偶受教育水平 

分 类 号：C924.21[社会学—人口学]