一种结合信任的多验证者DAG共识协议  

Trust-combined Multi-validator Consensus Protocol for Directed Acyclic Graph

作　　者：顾彬 黄建华[1] 宁宇豪 张文韬 宫在为 GU Bin;HUANG Jianhua;NING Yuhao;ZHANG Wentao;GONG Zaiwei(School of Information Science and Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学信息科学与工程学院,上海200237

出　　处：《小型微型计算机系统》2024年第5期1163-1172,共10页Journal of Chinese Computer Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62076094)资助。

摘　　要：共识协议是区块链系统中的关键,决定着系统的性能与安全性.针对现有共识协议暴露出的扩展性、吞吐量、参与门槛等问题及DAG区块链在区块选择方面的缺陷,提出一种结合信任的多验证者DAG共识协议TMVDP.首先,提出了基于多验证者的DAG结构,多个验证节点共同负责数据验证,从而提高系统性能与可扩展性,同时降低对普通节点的性能需求.其次,提出了DAG结构中的区块信任度机制.通过赋予区块相应的信任度,调整不同情况下区块被引用的概率,从而解决了孤块问题,保证网络的高吞吐量与安全性.最后,针对账本构建四叉树索引,有效避免DAG结构中数据量过大带来的检索困难问题.实验结果表明TMVDP协议在保证系统安全性的前提下提高了共识效率与吞吐量,加快了区块查询速度,扩展性良好.Consensus protocols are the vital part of blockchain systems which determine system performance and security.Aiming at the problems of scalability,throughput,and participation threshold exposed by existing consensus protocols and the shortcomings of block selection in DAG blockchain,a trust-combined multi-validator DAG consensus protocol(TMVDP)is proposed.First,DAG structure based on multi validators is proposed,in which multi validators are concurrently responsible for data confirmation,thereby improving the system performance and scalability,reducing the performance requirements for ordinary nodes.Secondly,the block trust mechanism of the DAG structure is proposed.By assigning corresponding trust to the block and adjusting the probability of the block being quoted in different situations,the problem of orphan blocks is solved,thus ensuring high throughput and security of the network.Finally,a quad tree index is constructed for the ledger,which effectively avoids the retrieval difficulties caused by massive data in DAG.Experimental results show that TMVDP improves the consensus efficiency and throughput while ensuring system security,accelerates the block query efficiency,and has better scalability.

关 键 词：区块链 共识协议 有向无环图 信誉机制 索引结构 

分 类 号：TP393[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]