种植密度和喷施乙烯利对大豆产量和品质的影响  

Effects of planting density and spraying ethylene on soybean yield and quality

作　　者：屈洋 马雯 刘晓婷 薛玉莹 王可珍 QU Yang;MA Wen;LIU Xiaoting;XUE Yuying;WANG Kezhen(Baoji Institute of Agricultural Science,Qishan 722499,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡市农业科学研究院,陕西岐山722499

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2024年第9期20-24,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2024NC-XCZX-21);陕西省创新能力支撑计划(2023XYSF-07);陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟(LM202315);陕西省重点研发计划(2023-ZDLNY-10);陕西省豆类产业技术体系(2024)。

摘　　要：为了解种植密度和喷施乙烯利对大豆产量和品质的影响,以提高大豆高密度种植下的产量。本试验以宝豆10号为材料,设置了4个栽培密度:22.5万株/hm^(2)(D1)、24.0万株/hm^(2)(D_(2))、25.5万株/hm^(2)(D_(3))和27.0万株/hm^(2)(D_(4)),于大豆4~5片复叶期设置喷施清水(E_(0))和稀释500倍乙烯利(E1)处理,研究种植密度和乙烯利对大豆光合特性、产量和籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,较高种植密度下(D_(3)、D_(4)),E1处理的大豆叶片SPAD值和Pn优于E_(0)处理;E1处理的株高、节间长较E_(0)处理有所降低;E1处理的产量水平较E_(0)处理分别提高6.51%和30.19%。大豆品质性状方面,喷施乙烯利对籽粒的粗蛋白含量的影响存在统计学意义(P<0.01);种植密度对大豆籽粒粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和异黄酮含量的影响存在统计学意义(P<0.01)。综合来看,宝豆10号种植密度为27.0万株/hm^(2)时喷施乙烯利可改善叶片的光合性能和茎秆性状,其产量最高。Understand the effects of planting density and spraying ethylene on soybean yield and quality to increase the yield of soybean under high-density cultivation.This study used Baodou 10 as the experimental material and set four cultivation densities:225000 plants/hm^(2)(D1),240000 plants/hm^(2)(D_(2)),255000 plants/hm^(2)(D_(3)),and 270000 plants/hm^(2)(D_(4)).Water(E_(0))and diluted 500 times ethylene(E1)were sprayed during the compound leaf stage of 4-5 soybean leaves to study the effects of planting density and ethylene on soybean photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and grain quality.The results showed that under higher density planting(D_(3),D_(4)),the SPAD value and Pn of soybean leaves treated with E1 were better than those treated with E_(0);The plant height and internode length of E1 treatment decreased compared to E_(0)treatment;The yield level of E1 treatment increased by 6.51%and 30.19%compared to E_(0)treatment,respectively.In terms of soybean quality traits,the effect of spraying ethephon on the crude protein content of seeds was statistically significant(P<0.01),while the effect of planting density on the crude protein,crude fat,and isoflavone content of soybean seeds was statistically significant(P<0.01).Overall,when the planting density of Baodou 10 was 270000 plants/hm^(2),spraying ethephon could improve the photosynthetic performance of leaves and stem traits,resulting in the highest yield.

关 键 词：种植密度 乙烯利 大豆 净光合速率 粗蛋白含量 大豆产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] Q946.885[生物学—植物学]