有限元法构建退行性脊柱侧弯模型:病因与治疗中的生物力学分析  

Constructing a model of degenerative scoliosis using finite element method:biomechanical analysis in etiology and treatment

作　　者：贺凯 邢文华[2] 刘胜祥 白贤明[2] 周晨 高旭 乔宇 何强 高志宇 郭圳 包阿如汗 李查德 He Kai;Xing Wenhua;Liu Shengxiang;Bai Xianming;Zhou Chen;Gao Xu;Qiao Yu;He Qiang;Gao Zhiyu;Guo Zhen;Bao Aruhan;Li Chade(Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010110,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;²Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010020,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;³Hohhoo People’s Hospital,Hohhot 010030,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010110 [2]内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010020 [3]呼和浩特市第一医院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010030

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2025年第3期572-578,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：内蒙古医科大学“致远”人才计划项目(ZY0110016),项目负责人:邢文华。

摘　　要：背景:退行性脊柱侧弯是指发生在成年之后,脊柱冠状面Cobb角度>10°伴有矢状面畸形和旋转脱位,常常产生脊髓、神经受压症状,如腰疼、下肢疼痛、麻木、无力、神经源性跛行等。有限元法是一种计算机建模的力学分析技术,通过建立数字化网格模型,能真实还原人类脊柱模型并可进行脊柱力学研究。目的:综述有限元法在退行性脊柱侧弯病因及治疗中的应用。方法:在文献数据库中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science中检索2023年10月之前发表的有关有限元分析法在退行性脊柱侧弯中应用的文献,英文检索词为finite element anaysis,biomechanics,stress analysis,degenerative scoliosis,adult spinal deformity,中文检索词为有限元分析法、生物力学、应力分析、退变性脊柱侧凸、成年性脊柱侧凸。最终纳入文献54篇。结果与结论:①运用有限元法构建的退行性脊柱侧弯模型得出的生物力学研究结果,与体内试验研究结果相同,证明有限元法在退行性脊柱侧弯中具有较高的实用价值;②通过有限元法对退行性脊柱侧弯的病因与治疗进行研究,有利于预防其发生、减缓其进展、制定出更合适的治疗方案、减少手术并发症出现、促进患者术后康复等;③有限元法从材料单一的骨性结构逐渐发展到纳入肌肉韧带等软组织的阶段,且小样本含量越来越无法满足研究需要;④有限元法在退行性脊柱侧弯领域有较大的发展空间。BACKGROUND:Degenerative scoliosis is defined as a condition that occurs in adulthood with a coronal cobb angle of the spine>10°accompanied by sagittal deformity and rotational subluxation,which often produces symptoms of spinal cord and nerve compression,such as lumbar pain,lower limb pain,numbness,weakness,and neurogenic claudication.The finite element method is a mechanical analysis technique for computer modelling,which can be used for spinal mechanics research by building digital models that can realistically restore the human spine model and design modifications.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of finite element method in the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis.METHODS:The literature databases CNKI,PubMed,and Web of Science were searched for articles on the application of finite element method in degenerative scoliosis published before October 2023.Search terms were“finite element analysis,biomechanics,stress analysis,degenerative scoliosis,adult spinal deformity”in Chinese and English.Fifty-four papers were finally included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The biomechanical findings from the degenerative scoliosis model constructed using the finite element method were identical to those from the in vivo experimental studies,which proves that the finite element method has a high practical value in degenerative scoliosis.(2)The study of the etiology and treatment of degenerative scoliosis by the finite element method is conducive to the prevention of the occurrence of the scoliosis,slowing down the progress of the scoliosis,the development of a more appropriate treatment plan,the reduction of complications,and the promotion of the patients’surgical operation.(3)The finite element method has gradually evolved from a single bony structure to the inclusion of soft tissues such as muscle ligaments,and the small sample content is increasingly unable to meet the research needs.(4)The finite element method has much room for exploration in degenerative scoliosis.

关 键 词：退行性脊柱侧弯 成人性脊柱侧弯 有限元分析法 生物力学 应力分析 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R682