梯级开发对生态环境的影响  

Influence of Cascade Development on the Ecological Environment

作　　者：王兆印[1] 徐梦珍[1] WANG Zhaoyin;XU Mengzhen(State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京市100084

出　　处：《水电与抽水蓄能》2024年第2期1-7,共7页Hydropower and Pumped Storage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目(U2243222);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究资助项目(2019QZKK0903)。

摘　　要：生态良好的河流上建坝对生态的负面影响大,而生态较差的山区河流上建坝改善生态。三峡和葛洲坝阻挡洄游鱼类,改变水文影响鲤科鱼类产卵。西南河流梯级开发与河狸建设的水坝和堰塞坝群的影响类似。青藏高原、云贵高原、黄土高原的河流下切导致地质灾害频发,堰塞坝群把河流阶梯化、消减灾害能量。在下切河流上建设梯级坝群符合自然规律,具有自然坝群相似的减灾效果。水库群形成串糖葫芦栖息地,支持较高生物多样性。高原河流梯级开发既减少灾害,又改善生态。Building dams on ecologically healthy rivers has a significant negative impact on the ecology,whereas dam construction in mountainous rivers with poor ecology can improve the ecology.The Three Gorges and Gezhouba Dams block migratory fish and alter hydrology,affecting the spawning of Carp.The cascade development of rivers in the southwest is similar in impact to the dams and barrier-beaver-built dams.The river incision on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,and the Loess Plateau leads to frequent geological disasters.The barrier dam group has stratified the rivers and reduced disaster energy.Building cascade dam groups on incised rivers conforms to natural laws and has a disaster reduction effect similar to natural dam groups.Groups of reservoirs create a string of candied haw habitats,supporting higher biodiversity.The cascade development of plateau rivers not only reduces disasters but also improves the ecology.

关 键 词：梯级开发 生态影响 地质灾害 河流下切 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]