宋代监察权威的生成机理及价值意蕴  

The Internal Mechanism and Its Value Interpretation of Supervisory Authority in Song Dynasty

作　　者：张本顺 Zhang Benshun(Law School,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学法学院,扬州225127

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2024年第5期145-155,144,F0003,共13页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：2018年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目“中国古代监察制度的流变规律、内源法理及当代启示”(18SFB2005);2021年度国家社科基金项目“宋代国家治理中的监察机制及其当代价值研究”(21BFX036)成果。

摘　　要：宋代自上而下形成了中央台谏、外台监司、州级通判的集中统一、权威高效的垂直领导监察体制。宋代监察权在运作中呈现出能够有效制衡行政、司法权的权威性特质。宋代监察权威首先源自监察官自身所具备的优秀监察品质;其次,其内生于作为皇帝的“耳目之官”所担负的维护封建“纲纪”的庄严使命;再次,宋代监察官铨选、回避制,从制度上保障了监察权威;最后,宋代监察官是“天下公议”化身的政治话语,从舆论上强化了监察权威的合理性、正当性。宋代监察权威在彰善瘅恶、澄清吏治、整肃“纲纪”、关注民瘼、保持政治清明等方面均起着扛鼎作用,其不仅能够为当代监察权威的构建提供丰富的镜鉴和启迪,甚或可以进行创造性转化与创新性发展。In Song Dynasty,a centralized,unified,authoritative,efficient,vertical and leading supervision system was formed from top to bottom,which included universal counselors,supervisory organs,local official advisors.The operation of supervisory power in Song Dynasty showed the authoritative characteristics that could effectively restrict and supervise administrative and judicial power.Firstly,the authority of supervision in Song Dynasty originated from the excellent quality of supervision of the supervisors themselves.Secondly,it was Endogenously born in the solemn mission of maintaining feudal“law and ethics”as the“official of the eyes and ears”of the emperor;Thirdly,the election of supervisory officials and its avoidance system ensured the supervisory authority in Song Dynasty;Finally,the supervisory officials in Song Dynasty were the embodiment of the political discourse of“public discussion in the world”,which strengthened the rationality and legitimacy of the supervision authority from the perspective of public opinion.The supervisory authority in Song Dynasty played an irreplaceable role,which were in the aspect of displaying the good and punishing the evil,clarifying the bureaucracy,safeguarding law and ethics,paying close attention to the sufferings of the people and maintaining the political probity.The supervisory authority of Song Dynasty can not only provide rich historical reference and enlightenment for the shaping of contemporary supervisory authority,but also can carry on creative transformation and innovative development.

关 键 词：宋代监察 台谏 监司 通判 天下公议 权威 制衡 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] D691.49[历史地理—中国史]