液压支架用换向阀主阀结构优化与液压冲击抑制方法研究  

Research on Structure Optimization and Hydraulic Shock Suppression Method for Main Valve of Directional Valve of Hydraulic Support

作　　者：李珂 张占东 张品 陈吉顺 赵文超 LI Ke;ZHANG Zhandong;ZHANG Pin;CHEN Jishun;ZHAO Wenchao(College of Coal Engineering,Shanxi Datong University,Datong Shanxi 037003,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shanxi Datong University,Shanxi Datong University,Datong Shanxi 037003,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大同大学煤炭工程学院,山西大同037003 [2]山西大同大学机电工程学院,山西大同037003

出　　处：《机床与液压》2024年第8期167-173,共7页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类)项目(202103021224313,202303021211325);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0490);大同市科技计划项目(2022002);山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021222299);山西大同大学研究生教育创新项目(22CX38)。

摘　　要：针对液压支架初撑阶段末段存在较高液压冲击的现象,以及由此诱发的支架液压系统可靠性降低的问题,以ZF17000/27.5/42D型液压支架用换向阀主阀为研究对象,在分析结构组成、工作原理及液压冲击发生机制的基础上,提出以控制阀口过流面积来调控过流流量的液压冲击抑制方法。针对现有换向阀采用单根弹簧完成阀芯复位的现状,通过并联复位弹簧降低支架液压系统在阀芯关闭过程中的流量梯度,缓解支架初撑阶段末段的液压冲击现象;利用AMESim软件搭建换向阀模型,对换向阀进行动态特性仿真,得到换向阀主阀流量、压力、速度及阀芯位移规律。结果表明:改进方案相比原方案降低了流量峰值与速度峰值,流量梯度与速度梯度分别下降了9.91%与9.87%,有效缓解了液压支架初撑阶段末段存在的液压冲击现象。Aiming at the phenomenon of high hydraulic impact at the end of the initial propping stage of the hydraulic support and the resulting reliability reduction of the hydraulic support,taking the main valve of ZF17000/27.5/42D hydraulic support directional valve as the research object,based on the analysis of the structure composition,working principle and the mechanism of hydraulic impact,a hydraulic impact suppression method was proposed to control the flow by controlling the flow area of the valve port.In view of the current situation of using a single spring to complete the spool resetting of the existing directional valve,the flow gradient of the hydraulic support in the spool closing process was reduced by setting parallel reset spring,thus the hydraulic shock phenomenon at the end of the initial support stage was alleviated.AMESim software was used to build the directional valve model,and the dynamic characteristics of the directional valve were simulated.The flow,pressure,velocity and spool displacement laws of the main valve were obtained.The results show that compared with the original scheme,the improved scheme reduces the peak flow and velocity peaks,and the flow gradient and velocity gradient decrease by 9.91%and 9.87%,respectively,then the phenomenon of hydraulic shock at the end of the initial support stage is effectively alleviated.

关 键 词：液压支架 换向阀 液压冲击 复位弹簧 流量梯度 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]