生存理性、经济理性与社会政策  

Subsistence Rationality,Economic Rationality and Social Policy

作　　者：王小章[1] Wang Xiaozhang

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（社会工作）》2023年第3期30-37,共8页Social Work

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“结构、情感与道德:道德社会学的探索”(18BSH01O)的研究成果。

摘　　要：所谓“道义经济”,乃是以生存安全为目标取向的“理性经济”,“生存伦理”则是集体层面的“生存理性”。在以追求效率最大化的“经济理性”为取向的现代市场经济取代传统“道义经济”的过程中,如果置人们对于生存安全的基本需求于不顾,则这种市场经济及与之相连的制度必然遭到反抗与抵拒。面对这种反抗与抵拒,社会各界主要有两种反应:一是力图回复到传统的经济模式;二是在坚持“经济理性”为取向的现代市场经济以追求经济效率的同时,将原先主要在村落小共同体层面上发挥作用的“生存理性”“生存伦理”国家化,转变为国家意志或者说是政府职能,现代社会政策的出现和发展即是第二种反应的基本内容。由此可以反观社会政策的经济意义:它不仅仅是拉动消费、提振内需的一种手段,更是现代市场经济得以生存扎根的社会前提。从社会现代转型的角度来看,必须努力做到国家以社会政策手段为每个公民提供的保护的跟进与传统社会为个人提供的保护的消退同步。The so-called"moral economy"is a"rational economy"with the goal of subsistence security,and"subsistence ethic"is the"subsistence rationality"at the collective level.In the process of replacing the traditional"moral economy"with the modern market economy oriented to the pursuit of"economic rationality"to maximize efficiency,if people's basic needs for subsistence security are ignored,this market economy and the system connected with it will inevitably be resisted and rejected.In the face of such resistance and rejection,there are two main responses:one is to return to the traditional economic model,while the other carries on the modern market economy with the orientation of"economic rationality"and on the basis of economic efficiency,nationalizes the"subsistence rationality"and"subsistence ethic"that originally played a role at the level of small village communities into the will of the state or government functions.The emergence and development of the modern social policy is the basic content of the latter.Thus,we can reflect on the economic significance of social policy:it is not only a means to stimulate consumption and boost domestic demand,but also a social premise for the survival of modern market economy.From the perspective of modern social transformation,efforts must be made to ensure that the follow-up of the protection provided by the state for each citizen through social policy should keep pace with the decline of the protection provided by the traditional societyfortheindividual.

关 键 词：生存理性 生存伦理 经济理性 社会政策 道义经济 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学] F014[经济管理—政治经济学]