煤电化基地大宗固废“三化”协同利用基础与技术  

Foundation and technology of coordinated utilization of bulk solid waste‘Three modernizations’in coal power base

作　　者：杨科[1,2] 何淑欣 何祥 初茉[3] 周伟[4] 袁宁[3] 陈登红[1,2] 龚鹏[5] 张元春 YANG Ke;HE Shuxin;HE Xiang;CHU Mo;ZHOU Wei;YUAN NingCHEN Denghong;GONG Peng;ZHANG Yuanchun(School of Mining Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;Institute of Energy,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center,Hefei 230031,China;School of Chemistry and Environment Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学矿业工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室),安徽合肥230031 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [4]安徽理工大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [5]中国矿业大学力学与土木工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [6]安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2024年第4期69-82,共14页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(52130402);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1904304);合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室)资助项目(21KZS217)。

摘　　要：我国14个大型煤炭基地及89个大宗固体废弃物综合利用示范基地建设,标志着矿区大宗固废利用已被纳入全国战略发展布局。长期以来煤炭资源高强度的开发与利用,造成矿区浅埋煤层资源临近枯竭,煤电化基地大规模固废堆积及地表沉陷,已成为制约矿区绿色低碳、高质量发展的难题。大宗煤基固废协同利用与绿色充填是解放“三下一上”压煤,延长矿井服务年限,实现固废无害化、资源化、规模化“三化”利用的有效途径。基于产煤大省山西省、“华东能源粮仓”安徽两淮基地及宁东能源化工基地的煤基固废种类和产量,详细阐述了以煤矸石、粉煤灰、炉底渣、气化渣和脱硫石膏等为主要材料的煤基固废通过重金属吸附解吸和络合钝化技术实现无害化处置,列举煤基固废分类应用于低热值煤基固废发电、制备建筑材料如水泥、砖瓦等资源化利用途径,对比分析煤基固废采煤沉陷区复垦回填及井下充填规模化利用途径,突出煤基固废井下充填的优越性。基于煤电化基地深部煤炭资源,提出绿色充填开采理论与关键技术,包括深部煤矸石源头减量与采选充协同技术、充填材料高效制备与深部井下输送技术及煤基固废充填材料深部多场耦合机理,探究多源煤基固废从源头、过程到终端的深部充填开采全过程的技术原理与方法,以解决矿区深部井下充填的技术难题。根据宁东基地任家庄煤矿、山西省霍尔辛赫煤矿及淮北矿区地质条件和充填目的,分别提出超前钻孔注充低位充填方案、关键层非典型特征条件下多离层梯级注浆方案和煤基固废协同利用关键技术,综合矿山固废处置与利用、深部煤炭资源开发利用、地表沉陷控制、生态环境保护等优势,形成煤电化基地大宗固废协同利用与绿色开采模式,为煤炭开采高质量化和环境低损伤化提供参考。The construction of 14 large-scale coal bases and 89 demonstration bases for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste in China marks that the utilization of bulk solid waste in mining areas has been incorporated into the national strategic development layout.The long-term high-intensity development and utilization of coal resources has caused the near depletion of shallow-buried coal seam resources in mining areas,and the large-scale solid waste accumulation and surface subsidence of coal power and chemical bases has become a problem restricting the green,low-carbon and high-quality development of mining areas.Co-operative utilization of bulk coalbased solid waste and green filling is an effective way to liberate the“three down and one up”pressed coal,extend the service life of mines,and realize the harmless,resourceful,and large-scale“three”utilization of solid waste.Based on the types and production of coalbased solid waste in Shanxi Province,the“East China Energy Granary”Anhui Lianghuai Base and Ningdong Energy and Chemical Base,it elaborates in detail the harmless disposal of coal-based solid waste through heavy metal adsorption and desorption and complexation passivation technology with coal gangue,fly ash,furnace slag,gasification slag and desulphurization gypsum as the main materials,listing the classification and application of coal-based solid waste,and the application of coal gangue,fly ash,furnace slag,gasification slag and desulphurization gypsum as the main materials.List the ways of resource utilization of coal-based solid waste classified and applied to low calorific value coal-based solid waste for power generation,preparation of building materials such as cement,bricks and tiles,etc.Comparatively analyze the ways of reclamation and backfilling of coal mining subsidence area and downhole filling and large-scale utilization of coal-based solid waste,highlighting the superiority of downhole filling of coal-based solid waste.Based on the deep coal resources of coal electrificatio

关 键 词：煤电化基地 煤基固废 协同利用 深部开采 源头减量 采选充一体化 

分 类 号：TD823[矿业工程—煤矿开采]