激光一次性去除铝合金飞机蒙皮涂层实验与数值研究  

Experimental and Numerical Study on Laser One-time Removal of Aluminium Alloy Aircraft Skin Coating

作　　者：姜苏航 李多生[1] 叶寅[1] 谢非彤 邱彦钦 钟宏平 JIANG Suhang;LI Duosheng;YE Yin;XIE Feitong;QIU Yanqin;ZHONG Hongping(Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学,南昌330063

出　　处：《表面技术》2024年第9期180-189,共10页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51562027,12062016,51975287);江西省重点研发计划重点项目(20201BBE51001);江西省省级优势科技创新重点团队项目(20181BCB24007);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2021055)。

摘　　要：目的研究激光的频率、功率及扫描速度等参数对脉冲激光清洗航空铝合金表面S06-0215油漆涂层的影响,分析脉冲激光清洗的机制,优化工艺参数组合,并设计航空铝合金表面涂层一次性去除方法。方法以航空铝合金2A12为基材,开展脉冲激光的频率、功率和扫描速度等参数对基材表面涂层烧蚀深度的影响研究,以及烧蚀过程中基材表面最高温度的模拟研究。同时,以表面粗糙度和去除深度为评价指标,对2A12铝合金飞机蒙皮表面涂层进行清洗实验,对采用优化参数清洗后的蒙皮表面进行粗糙度测量、元素含量以及组成成分分析。结果脉冲激光的扫描速度和频率变大,以烧蚀为主导作用的去除机制逐渐减弱,同时振动机制逐渐增强,并最终转变为主导地位。影响激光去除深度的参数,按权重大小依次为扫描速度、功率、频率。结合模拟与实验结果发现,激光频率125kHz、功率70W和速度50mm/s为表面涂层S06-0215最佳的一次性去除工艺参数组合,此时能量密度大小为1.47J/cm^(2),清洗过程中,不损伤2A12铝合金飞机蒙皮基材。通过XRD、SEM以及EDS表征分析表明,氧化膜仅被部分去除。结论激光清洗铝合金表面油漆涂层采用合适的参数组合可以保留氧化膜,可以实现一次性地去除铝合金表面油漆涂层,同时对基材不会造成损伤。The work aims to study the effect of three parameters such as frequency,power and scanning speed of the pulsed laser on cleaning of the paint coating(S06-0215)on the surface of aluminum alloy aircraft skin in detail,then analyze the mechanism of pulsed laser cleaning,and finally optimize the combination of process parameters and designed one-time removal method for removing the paint coating of aircraft skin.Aerospace aluminum alloy(2A12)was used as the substrate,and the frequency,power and scanning speed of pulsed laser were optimized by orthogonal design.The optimized process parameters were applied to simulate the final ablation depth of the substrate surface coating and the maximum temperature of the substrate surface during the ablation process,and then the surface roughness and removal depth after cleaning were used as evaluation criteria to judge the effect on cleaning of the aluminum alloy aircraft skin coating.The orthogonal experiments were carried out to optimize the removal parameter combination,and the final combination of parameters was used to measure the roughness of the cleaned skin surface.Next,the microscopic morphology and element content were analyzed.The simulation and experimental results showed that the ablation was dominant effect,which was the main removal mechanism.With scanning speed and frequency increasing,the removal mechanism dominated by ablation gradually weakened,while the vibration mechanism gradually increased and eventually became dominant.The energy density of the pulsed laser was determined by the power and frequency,and it was proportional to the power and inversely proportional to the frequency.The energy density of the laser and the scanning speed together determined the quality of the cleaned surface.When energy density was small,the depth of laser cleaning was shallow.With energy density increasing,the thermal impact of the laser range was larger,and the depth of cleaning was also deeper.The frequency of the laser had a certain effect on the surface roughness after cle

关 键 词：激光清洗 纳秒脉冲激光 铝合金 飞机蒙皮 一次性去除 正交实验法 

分 类 号：TG174[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]