基于动态嵌套网格技术的载荷出舱过程研究  

Research on Load Outbound by the Method of Dynamic Nesting Grid

作　　者：陈超群 张红英[1] 陈建平[1] 童明波[1] 曾建江[1] CHEN Chaoqun;ZHANG Hongying;CHEN Jianping;TONG Mingbo;ZENG Jianjiang(College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航空学院,南京210016

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2024年第2期29-40,共12页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

基　　金：航空科学基金(20230023052001)。

摘　　要：针对内装载荷在空中分离出舱过程中存在的安全性和姿态稳定性问题,文章采用动态嵌套网格结合罚函数的研究方法对载荷在考虑适配器碰撞下的出舱分离过程进行了数值模拟。相较于以往的研究,该方法将分离过程中的气动特性由离散的稳态计算转变为连续的瞬态计算,将适配器碰撞由特征点法估算转变为节点-面法精细计算,实现了非定常流场与多体碰撞的耦合求解,拥有更好的保真性。文章首先通过与美国空军Arnolds工程发展中心风洞实验室的标模试验进行对比,验证了所采用的数值方法的准确性;随后建立了载荷出舱系统仿真模型并分析了标准工况下的出舱特性以及初始速度、初始攻角对载荷在牵引伞作用下出舱过程的影响。结果表明:标准工况下载荷能够安全平稳出舱;初始速度越低,分离过程越平稳,适配器受压缩程度越低,马赫数Ma=0.5时运载器与载荷的最小间距相较于Ma=0.8时增大了1 mm;初始攻角较大对分离时的安全性和稳定性有不利影响,攻角ɑ=15°时适配器摩擦力是ɑ=5°时的2.67倍。该方法适用于采用适配器作为安全保护措施的载荷出舱系统的数值模拟研究,所得结论可为研究载荷出舱系统分离过程提供一定参考。Aiming at the problems of safety and attitude stability in the process of air separation of the internal load,the dynamic nested mesh combined with penalty function is applied to simulate the load separation process under the consideration of adapter collision in this paper.Compared with previous studies,this method transforms the aerodynamic characteristics of separation process from discrete steady-state calculation to continuous transient calculation and the calculation of adaptor collision is transformed from feature point method to node-surface method and the coupling solution of unsteady flow field and multi-body collision is realized,which has better fidelity.In this paper,the accuracy of the numerical method is verified by comparing it with the test of standard model in the wind tunnel laboratory of Arnolds Engineering Development Center of US Air Force.Then,the simulation model of load exit system is established and the influence of initial velocity and initial angle of attacks on the process of load exit under the action of towing parachute is analyzed.The results show that the load can safely and stably exit the cabin under standard working conditions;The lower the initial speed,the smoother the separation process,the lower the compression degree of the adapter,when the Mach number is 0.5,the minimum distance between the vehicle and the load increases by 1mm compared with that when the Mach number is 0.8.The larger initial angle of attacks has an adverse effect on the safety and stability of the separation.When the Angle of attack is 15°,the adapter friction is 2.67 times that when the Angle of attack is 5°.The method is suitable for the numerical simulation of the load removal system using the adapter as the safety protection measure,and the conclusion can provide some reference for the study of the separation process of the load removal system.

关 键 词：多体系统空中分离 动态嵌套网格 罚函数 计算流体力学 适配器 牵引伞 

分 类 号：V211.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]