论真正利益第三人合同中第三人的权利保护  

On the Protection of the Rights of Third Parties in Contracts with Real Interests

作　　者：谢彭 Xie Peng(Anhui University,Hefei Anhui 230601)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《安徽警官职业学院学报》2024年第2期26-30,共5页Journal of Anhui Vocational College of Police Officers

摘　　要：《民法典》第522条第2款规定真正利益第三人合同中第三人享有履行请求权,然而当合同未明确约定第三人是否享有违约金请求权等其他权利时,第三人的请求权范围模糊。对此,应当区分违约金类型,对于惩罚性违约金请求权第三人排除享有,而与第三人利益有关的补偿性违约金应该赋予第三人请求权。第三人不享有合同主体身份,故第三人不享有合同解除权。当事人可行使法定撤销权和法定解除权,但需向第三人承担违约责任。当事人合意变更、撤销合同的,应当以“合理期限”为分界,在合理期限届满前可以合意变更、撤销,反之则否。若债权人与第三人请求权发生竞合,应当以保证合同目的实现为优。Article 522(2)of the Civil Code stipulates that a third party in a contract with genuine interests has the right to request performance.However,when the contract does not expressly stipulate whether the third party has other rights such as the right to claim liquidated damages,the scope of the third party's claim is ambiguous.The types of liquidated damages should be distinguished,and third parties should be excluded from the right to claim punitive damages,while compensatory liquidated damages related to the interests of third parties should be granted the right to claim.Third parties do not have the right to terminate the contract as they do not have the status of the main body of the contract.The parties may exercise the statutory right of revocation and rescission,but shall be liable for breach of contract to a third party.If the parties agree to modify or rescind the contract,the"reasonable period"shall be used as the boundary.The parties may agree to modify or rescind the contract before the expiration of the reasonable period,otherwise it shall not be accepted.If there is a conflict of claims between creditors and third parties,the priority should be to ensure the realization of the contract purpose.

关 键 词：真正利益第三人 违约金请求权 解除权 请求权竞合 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]