从“无礼不婚”到“以礼入婚”:凉山彝族抵制高价彩礼的田野观察  

From“No Gifts,No Marriage”to“Upholding Etiquette,Getting Married”:A Field Investigation on the Liangshan Yi People's Resistance to Expensive Betrothal Gifts

作　　者：拉马文才 何建桦 Lama Wencai;He Jianhua(Sichuan Academy of Social Science,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《民族学刊》2023年第10期112-119,159,共9页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项“凉山彝族苏尼口述文献的收集、翻译与研究”(22VJXG028);四川省社会科学院科研创新团队建设项目“四川大小凉山地区乡村社会与文化治理研究团队”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文基于对凉山州美姑、甘洛、越西、盐源四县的田野调查,发现自抵制高价彩礼的《凉山彝族自治州移风易俗条例》实施以来,凉山彝族彩礼经历了从“无礼不婚”到“以礼入婚”的过程。无礼不婚,指彩礼在凉山彝族婚姻中扮演着不可或缺的角色,甚至没有彩礼就无法成婚。高价彩礼强化偿付和资助功能,使其在维系社会关系、婚俗礼仪上的社会文化功能弱化。以礼入婚,是指通过对彩礼数额的调整,使彩礼在功能和意义层面发生改变,并将其纳入新的文化系统中。从“无礼不婚”到“以礼入婚”的动态转变,表明彩礼仍然是婚姻缔结程序中不可缺少的一环,其文化价值是值得保留的。通过对彩礼功能与意义的重新整合,使之切合群众利益,这样彩礼作为彝族地方性知识才能具有兼容现代化的能力与空间。当前抵制高价彩礼的具体实践仍处于探索阶段,彩礼在彝族地区所出现的变化如何影响其社会结构与文化系统,二者在移风易俗进程中的互动与整合是值得研究与思考的。This study reveals that since the enactment of the“Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture s Regulations on Changing Customs”(referred to as Regulations)aimed at curbing exorbitant betrothal gifts,the traditional practice among the Liangshan Yi people's has undergone a transformation from“no gifts,no marriage”to“upholding etiquette,getting married”.The phrase“no gifts,no marriage”underscores the indispensable role that betrothal gifts have played historically in Yi marriages in Liangshan,where without betrothal gifts one cannot get married.Wedding gifts hold profound significance in Yi culture,which undertakes multiple functions related to economy and etiquette.Investigations indicate their evolution seems to be intricately intertwined with the economic progress of the Yi region,but also deeply rooted in the history and culture of Yi society,and shaping and being shaped by local social structures.However,the advent of modernity has brought about notable shifts in both the value and payment methods of wedding gifts.Research shows that high-priced betrothal gifts tend to accentuate their functions of repayment and funding,diminishing their social and cultural roles in maintaining social relationships and upholding wedding etiquette.This trend seems to risk altering the nature of marriage,giving it undertones of“trading”and“buying and selling”.The expression“upholding etiquette,getting married”pertains to Yi people's adjustment of the betrothal gifts value in Liangshan,thereby changing their function and meaning.Consequently,these betrothal gifts are incorporated into the new cultural paradigm,findings show.With the implementation of the Regulations on May 1,2022,high-priced betrothal gifts were officially proscribed,limiting the amount to no more than 100,000 yuan.While national policies are accurate and rapid,their impact on local social institutions and cultural systems has been slow and implicit.This article attempts,therefore,to delineate the interactive evolution from“no gifts,no marri

关 键 词：无礼不婚 以礼入婚 凉山彝族 高价彩礼 

分 类 号：C953[社会学—民族学]