半夏开花物候与结实特征分析  

Analysis of Flowering Phenology and Seed Setting Characteristics of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit.

作　　者：贾学思 王玉庆[2] JIA Xuesi;WANG Yuqing(Tongchuan Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Tongchuan 727100,China;College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]铜川市农业科学研究所,陕西铜川727100 [2]山西农业大学农学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第3期29-34,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为深入理解半夏独特的开花物候特征和生殖特性,对半夏花的形态学特征、个体开花散粉习性、居群开花物候及结实特征进行了统计分析。结果表明,半夏群体开花规律呈单峰型,花期集中在5月下旬到6月下旬,花期长约58 d;半夏开花与散粉的日变化规律均呈倒单峰型,开花高峰期为7:00—11:00,而花药散粉高峰期为7:00—9:00;散粉持续时间为47.22 h,个体花期持续时间、花序开放进程、花序开花持续时间和种群花期历时分别为18、13、5.3、51.5 d;花序开放进程与花序开花持续时间分别以14 d和6 d出现的频率最高。半夏花不具虫媒、风媒花特征,传粉完全依靠花粉的自然散落,这可能是其结实率低的主要原因;进一步相关性分析发现,始花时间分别与开花率和结实率存在显著负相关关系,花期长度和开花率分别与结实率呈极显著正相关;开花率、结实率与半夏个体的块茎大小密切相关。综上,人工辅助延长半夏的花期和提高开花率有助于提高其结实率,进而提高有性繁殖效率。In order to understand the unique characteristics of flowering phenology and reproduction of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit.,in this study,flower morphological characteristics,individual flowering and pollination habits,population flowering phenology and seed setting characteristics of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit.flowers were studied.The results showed that the population flowering rule of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit.presented the single peak pattern,and the florenscence was about 58 d that was concentrated between late May and late June.The diurnal changes of flowering and pollination were both presented the inverted single peak pattern.The peak hours of flowering and pollination were 7:00-11:00 and 7:00-9:00 in a day.The duration of pollen dispersal was 47.22 h.The individual flowering,inflorescence opening,single inflorescence opening,and population flowering were respectively averaged 18 d,13 d,5.3 d,and 51.5 d.The highest frequency of inflorescence opening process and single inflorescence opening duration occurred at 14 d and 6 d respectively.Its flower was not anemophilous or entomophilous.Its pollination absolutely relied on pollens scattering naturally,which was prabably the main reason for its seed setting rate.The correlation analysis indicated that there was a significantly negative correlation between onset and flowering rate,and between onset and seed setting rate,while there was a extremely significantly positive correlation among duration,flowering rate and seed setting rate.The flowering rate and seed setting rate were closely related to its tuber diameter.In conclusion,artificial assistance in prolonging the flowering period and increasing the flowering rate of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.facilitated to improve its seed setting rate,thereby improving its sexual reproduction efficiency.

关 键 词：半夏 开花物候 结实特征 散粉 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]