施氮水平对谷子干物质积累分配及氮素利用率的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Dry Matter Accumulation,Distribution and Nitrogen Utilization in Foxtail Millet

作　　者：郝子义 李亚伟 何继红[2] 董孔军[2] 任瑞玉[2] 张磊[2] 韦恒 刘天鹏[2] 杨天育[1,2] HAO Ziyi;LI Yawei;HE Jihong;DONG Kongjun;REN Ruiyu;ZHANG Lei;WEI Heng;LIU Tianpeng;YANG Tianyu(College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Crops,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第3期50-59,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2022GAAS41);甘肃省农业科学院博士基金项目(2023GAA541);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-14.5-A8)。

摘　　要：为探明施氮水平对谷子干物质积累分配和氮素利用的影响,在西北半干旱雨养农业区,以常规种陇谷13号和杂交种张杂谷13号为试验材料,设置4个氮浓度梯度:0(N_(ck))、45(N_(低))、90(N_(中))、135(N_(高))kg/hm~2,测定2个品种在不同施氮水平下的产量、干物质积累、分配和氮素利用效率。结果表明,陇谷13号在N_(高)处理下,较N_(ck)处理花后干物质对籽粒贡献率提高32.5%、穗粒质量提高30.0%、株高提高14.5%、籽粒干物质积累量提高20.5%,产量增加11.1%;张杂谷13号在N_(中)处理下较N_(ck)处理花后干物质对籽粒贡献率提高21.0%、穗粒质量提高20.7%、籽粒干物质积累量提高21.5%、产量增加11.6%。陇谷13号在N_(中)处理下氮肥农学效率最高,为3.75 kg/kg;而张杂谷13号在N_(低)处理下氮肥农学效率最高,为9.57 kg/kg。在不同的施氮水平下,陇谷13号氮肥用量为135 kg/hm~2时产量最高,张杂谷13号氮肥用量为90 kg/hm~2时产量最高,表明杂交谷子品种更耐低氮环境,是化肥减氮生产中的优势品种类型。To find out the effect of nitrogen(N) application on dry matter accumulation,distribution and N utilization in foxtail millet,in this study,in the northwest semi-arid rainfed agricultural area,the conventional variety Longgu 13 and the hybrid Zhangzagu 13 were used as materials,four nitrogen concentration gradients(N_(ck):0 kg/ha,N_(low):45 kg/ha,N_(medium):90 kg/ha,N_(high):135 kg/ha) were set,The yield,dry matter accumulation,distribution,and nitrogen use efficiency of the two varieties were measured at different levels of nitrogen application.The results showed that the contribution of post-flowering dry matter to the seeds of Longgu 13 under the N_(high) treatment increased by 32.5%than that under N_(ck),the grain weight per spike increased by30.0%,the plant height increased by 14.5%,the seed dry matter accumulation increased by 20.5%,and finally the yield increased by 11.1%.The post-flowering dry matter contribution to the seeds of Zhangzagu13 increased by 21.0%than that under N_(ck),the grain weight per spike increased by 20.7%,the seed dry matter accumulation increased by 21.5%,the final yield increased by 11.6%.Longgu 13 had the highest agronomic efficiency under N_(medium),it was 3.75 kg/kg,and Zhangzagu 13 had the highest efficiency of 9.57 kg/kg under N_(low) treatment.Under different nitrogen levels,the yield of Longgu 13 was the highest when the nitrogen application rate was 135 kg/ha,and that of Zhangzagu 13 was the highest when the nitrogen application rate was 90 kg/ha,indicating that hybrid foxtail millet varieties were more tolerant to low nitrogen environment and were an advantageous type of variety in the production of chemical fertilizer reduction.

关 键 词：施氮水平 干物质积累分配 氮素利用效率 谷子产量 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]